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CFA一级经济学精选问答分析|品职CFA错题本

  • 原创 2018-11-17
  • 品职教研团队

品职CFA错题本

写在前⾯的话:

 

首先插播一则通知哈,之前小伙伴们追着小编要的CFA千人计划已经于昨日正式开通啦,如果错过的小伙伴一定要戳下面的文章去了解报名方式哦!

品职CFA千人计划终极助考,稳住,我们能赢!


临到考前,相信很多⼩伙伴在“预习”完那么多科⽬,会对⾃⼰产⽣怀疑,⽽且都会有经典的“两道题”是不会的。

分别是这道也不懂,那道也不懂。

 

ORZ。。。。

 

是不是这样就没救了呢?

当然不会啊。

 

其实这种情况都很普遍,⼤家的问题其实都是相似的,我们为品职学员提供的有问必答平台,收集了很多⼤家的问题,助教在回答问题过程中,会发现⼤家有共性问题,甚⾄连易错点也是很相近的。

 

因此我们决定在考前为⼤家订制⼀款新栏⽬-【品职CFA错题本】,发送⼀波精选的各科问题,⾥⾯会有助教们的总结分析,希望能给⼤家最后再捞点分。

 

毕竟错过的题,我们争取不要⼀错再错了哦。

 

今天让我们先来看看经济学。




考点一:Breakeven Point

精选问答1:

The demand schedule in a perfectly competitive market is given by P=93-1.5Q (for Q≤62)and the long-run cost structure of each company is:

Total cost: 256+2Q+4Q2

Average cost: 256/Q+2+4Q

Marginal cost: 2+8Q

New companies will enter the market at any price greater than:

A 8

B 66

C 81


答案:

B is correct. The long-run competitive equilibrium occurs where MC=AC=P for each company. Equating MC and AC implies 2+8Q=256/Q+2+4Q.


Solving for Q gives Q=8. Equating MC with price gives P=2+8Q=66. Any price above 66 yields an economic profit because P=MC>AC, so new companies will enter the market.

 

解题思路

这题主要考察以下两个考点,第一个是是盈亏平衡点(breakeven point)。在完全竞争市场上,P=ATC是厂商的盈亏平衡点。而在P>ATC时,利润会吸引新厂商进入。第二个考点:单个厂商在完全竞争市场上均衡条件下有P =MR =MC=AC;根据此公式,本题联立MC=AC 即可求出答案。

 

易错点分析

很多同学都有这样的疑问:为什么不可以联立P=MC或者P=AC直接来求解。那是因为我们算盈亏平衡点时,需要用到单个厂商的需求曲线,而非整个市场的需求曲线。但是题目中给的需求曲线公式却是整个市场的,因此不可选用。所以本题中均衡条件下的完全竞争市场满足P=AC,所以可直接用MC=AC来计算此题。本题需要注意区分单个厂商和整个市场的需求曲线。

 


考点二:Economies of Scale

精选问答2:

A firm that increases its quantity produced without any change in per-unit cost is experiencing:

A economies of scale

B diseconomies of scale

C constant returns to scale

 

答案:

C is correct. Output increases in the same proportion as input increases occur at constant returns to scale.

 

解题思路

题目中说到产量增加,“单位成本”不变,那么它就是指规模报酬不变。换言之,成本和产量等比例地增加。

 

易错点分析

很多同学都选了A。A选项错在规模经济下,单位成本是下降的。 如果A选项说“总成本”不变。总产出增加,单位成本不变是指规模经济(如下图所示)。所以在做类似题目的时候,大家需要看清题目究竟问的是“单位成本”还是总成本。




考点三:Profit Maximum

精选问答3

A profit maximum is least likely to occur when:

A average total cost is minimized

B marginal revenue equals marginal cost

C the difference between total revenue and total cost is maximized

 

答案:

A is correct. The quantity at which average total cost is minimized does not necessarily correspond to a profit maximum.

 

解题思路

Profit=TR-TC; ①当两者之差达到最大值时,说明此时的profit为最大值;②求导方法,TR'-TC'=0时,此时profit达到最大值,即MR=MC

 

易错点分析:

这道题不少同学都没有看清least likely,最后选择错误。选择A是因为判断profit大小时,不能单由cost判断,还要考虑revenue和产量。Cost最低的时候,Revenue和产量可能同时比较小,如此总的Revenue就很低,那么利润也很低。

 


考点四:影响LM曲线平移的因素

精选问答4

An increase in the price level would shift the

A IS curve.

B LM curve.

C aggregate demand curve.

 

答案:

B is correct. The LM curve represents combinations of income and the interest rate at which the demand for real money balances equals the supply. For a given nominal money supply, an increase in the price level implies a decrease in the real money supply. To decrease the demand for real money balances, either the interest must increase or income must decrease. Therefore, at each level of the interest rate, income (= expenditure) must decrease—a leftward shift of the LM curve.

 

解题思路

影响LM的平移的因素就是比实际货币供给。实际货币供给=名义货币供给/物价水平。因此,物价水平的改变可以影响LM曲线的平移。

 

易错点分析

这道题有些同学选择了C选项。C选项中提及的总需求AD曲线,它的横坐标就是物价水平P,因此,物价水平的变动只会引起曲线上的点沿着曲线移动,而非曲线的平移。


此外还需注意到,一国总产出可以表示为Y=C+I+G+(X-M),等式右边第一项消费C和总产出Y有关,第二项投资I和利率水平r有关。那么剩下来的两项政府支出G以及净出口(X-M)便是影响IS曲线平移的因素,和物价水平没有关系。

 


考点五:充分就业时的产出水平

精选问答5

The full employment, or natural, level of output is best described as: 

A the maximum level obtainable with existing resources.

B the level at which all available workers have jobs consistent with their skills.

C a level with a modest, stable pool of unemployed workers transitioning to new jobs.

C is correct. At the full employment, or natural, level of output the economy is operating at an efficient and unconstrained level of production. Companies have enough spare capacity to avoid bottlenecks, and there is a modest, stable pool of unemployed workers (job seekers equal job vacancies) looking for and transitioning into new jobs.

 

解题思路

充分就业时仍然会存在一部分失业,但是这部分失业是稳定温和的,并且这些失业工人可以通过培训实现再就业。

 

易错点分析

这道题会有不少同学误选了A选项。A选项暗含了利用所有劳动力的意思,但是我们说充分就业的情况下,依然存在结构性失业以及摩擦性失业。所以相比较C选项,A选项的说法不够准确。

  


考点六:target exchange rate

精选问答6

A country that maintains a target exchange rate is most likely to have which outcome when its inflation rate rises above the level of the inflation rate in the target country?

A. An increase in short-term interest rates.

B. An increase in the domestic money supply.

C. An increase in its foreign currency reserves.

 

答案:

A is correct. Interest rates are expected to rise to protect the exchange rate target.


解题思路

如果A国盯住B国的汇率,那么A国通胀上涨会导致A国的货币贬值。为了阻止A国货币的贬值,A国可以实施一个紧缩的货币政策,提升利率水平,吸引外资流入,稳定汇率水平。所以A选项正确。

 

易错点分析:

这道题有不少同学会在C选项上犹豫。如果A国增加自己的外汇储备,它相当于与卖出本国的货币,买进外国的货币。那么大量的本国货币投放如市场,类似于实施了一个扩张的货币政策。这会导致A国汇率降低而不是升高。

此外,B选项增加货币供给是一个扩张的货币政策,它会导致利率下降,币值下跌,也不入选。

 


考点七:Trade restrictions

精选问答7

A large country can:

A benefit by imposing a tariff.

B benefit with an export subsidy.

C not benefit from any trade restriction.

 

答案:

A is correct.

By definition, a large country is big enough to affect the world price of its imports and exports. A large country can benefit by imposing a tariff if its terms of trade improve by enough to outweigh the welfare loss arising from inefficient allocation of resources.

 

解题思路

在国际贸易领域,大国对一款产品的需求量占比过高,会对该类产品的世界价格水平产生影响。大国设置关税后会大幅降低全球范围对于该种商品的需求量,从而导致该种商品世界价格的下降,大国的消费者因此获利。

 

易错点分析

注意到,国际贸易中的大国并不是指该国国土面积比较大,或者指该国的GDP比较高。而是指该国对某种商品的需求量占比非常高。对于这题,有很多同学会选C选项。既然A选项入选,C选项就错误。对于这个结论,大家可以记忆一下。

 


考点八:经常性账户与资本流

 

精选问答8

Because of a sharp decline in real estate values, the household sector has increased the fraction of disposable income that it saves. If output and investment spending remain unchanged, which of the following is most likely correct?

A A decrease in the government deficit.

B A decrease in net exports and increased capital inflow.

C An increase in net exports and increased capital outflow.

 

答案:

C is correct. The fundamental relationship among saving, investment, the fiscal balance, and the trade balance is S=I+(G-T)+(X-M). Given the levels of output and investment spending, an increase in saving (reduction in consumption)must be offset by either an increase in the fiscal deficit is not one of the choices, so an increase in net exports and corresponding increase in net capital outflows (increased lending to foreigners and/or increased purchases of assets from foreigners) is the correct response.

 

这题需要运用S=I+(G-T)+(X-M)这个公式。题中说到房地产的价值下降从而增加储蓄。当投资(I)不变,根据该公式我们可以知道储蓄(S)增加时财政赤字(G-T)和净出口(X-M)会增加。A选项政府赤字下降显然是错误的,B选项的净出口下降也是错误的,因此选择C。

 

易错点分析

这个公式是由总收入=总支出联立得来的。即把C+I+G+X-M=C+S+T转化一下可得S=I+(G-T)+(X-M)。S为储蓄;I为投资;(G-T>0)为财政赤字;(X-M)为净出口。


而此题的capital outflow 表示资本账户外流。进出口代表的是经常性账户,它和资本账户是此消彼长的关系。当进出口增加时,贸易盈余所产生的多余外汇就要到国外市场进行投资,所以资本账户资金外流,这便是net capital outflows。


经济学的精选问答就到这里啦,如果错过CFA一级数量精选问答的小伙伴们赶紧去看一看哦!

CFA一级数量精选问答分析|品职CFA错题本


最后,唠叨的小编在提醒一下,CFA一级千人计划在招募中,有需要的千万不要错过哈!