NO.PZ201812100100000201
问题如下：
The participant bears the greatest amount of investment risk under which plan?
选项：
A.Plan A
B.Plan B
C.Plan C
解释：
B is correct.
Plan B is a defined contribution (DC) pension plan because the amount of future benefit is not defined and SKI has an obligation to make only agreed-upon contributions. The actual future benefits depend on the investment performance of the individual’s plan assets, and the employee bears the investment risk.
A is incorrect because Plan A is a defined benefit (DB) pension plan. In a DB plan, the amount of future benefit is defined based on the plan’s formula (i.e., 1% of the employee’s final salary for each year of service). With a DB pension plan, SKI bears the investment risk.
C is incorrect because Plan C is a health care plan and is classified as a DB plan. Under IFRS and US GAAP, all plans for pensions and other post-employment benefits (OPB) other than those explicitly structured as DC plans are classified as DB plans. The amount of future benefit depends on plan specifications and type of benefit, and it represents a promise by the firm to pay benefits in the future. SKI, not the employee, is responsible for estimating future increases in costs, such as health care, over a long time horizon.
考点：DB、DC特征
解析：题目问那种养老金计划下是让参与人（即员工）承担投资风险的。根据我们学过的知识肯定是DC模式的养老金。那么接下来就是要看三个计划哪个是DC，根据三个plan的“Benefit”描述，也就是员工的受益方式，以及公司的contribution方式，可以确定plan B是DC模式，选项B正确。
plan A是DB模式，plan C是OPB，也属于DBplan。
请问下老师，participant是怎么判断为员工，而不是雇主的
