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PKQ2A · 2021年08月20日

B选项为什么不该选?

NO.PZ2018091702000014

问题如下:

There are three clients with different characteristics:

(1) Eve is a40 years old chemist anda passive investor who wants her portfolio return to be stable and safe. She has low risk tolerance and wonders if it is appropriate to invest a largeposition of money in employee stock option.

(2 )Flora is a 42 years old banker who largely uses leverage in investment and consumes with credit cards. She directly invests in three or four stocks, and shows strong confidence after she reads positive articles about these stocks in local newspaper.

(3) Jessie is a 66 years old high net-worth investor. She founded a successful manufacturing company, which is now managed by her son. Her primary goal is to maintain the real values of her assets and support her living expenses. Jessie worries about the market volatiles and regularly seeks for advice.

As a financial consultant of these clients, you are least likely to:

选项:

A.

ask Eve to diversify her investment portfolio rather than focus on her employer’s stocks.

B.

discuss with Flora to improve her investment decision-making process.

C.

give Jessie the detailed financial indicators such as PE ratio and risk-adjusted returns.

解释:

C is correct.

考点客户类型和特征

解析Jessie只要求维持现有资产而非追求收益担心变化且偏emotional bias,这些特征说明她是passive preserver对于这一类型的客户无需提供详细的指标分析因为知道得越多她反而越紧张用通俗易懂的语言获得Jessie的信任然后提供投资建议更适合

Flora展现出的是overconfidence,是emotional biases,没法通过改变investment process来解决吧?

我叫仙人涨 · 2021年08月21日

我觉得是的,只能Mitigate,缓解,不能根治。

1 个答案

王琛_品职助教 · 2021年08月21日

嗨,从没放弃的小努力你好:


1

首先判断 Flora 的行为偏差类型,我认为是 cognitive,而不是 emotional

依据最后半句话:当她在当地报纸上看到有关这些股票的正面文章后,表现出强烈的信心 "shows strong confidence after she reads positive articles about these stocks in local newspaper."

我个人认为,这句话并不是体现 overconfidence,因为过度自信,很少是通过题干直接表述 "show strong confidence" 来体现的

2

我认为,这句话更多是在反映 Availability bias 或者 Confirmation bias

1)因为只是根据广告选择投资、投资顾问或共同基金,而不是根据对选项的全面分析,所以可能是 Availability bias

"Choose an investment, investment adviser, or mutual fund based on advertising rather than on a thorough analysis of the options.

"

2)因为只看到了股票的正面信息,没有考虑负面信息,所以可能是 Confirmation bias

"Consider only the positive information about an existing investment and ignore any negative information about the investment"

这两个偏差,都可能造成组合过度集中的结果,且两个偏差都属于 cognitive bias

3

因为是 cognitive bias,所以是可以 moderate:对表现出认知偏差的客户应进行调节 "clients exhibiting cognitive errors should be moderated, and those exhibiting emotional biases should be adapted to"

B 选项用的是 discuss 讨论,我理解符合 moderated 的范畴,且选项并没有说要「解决」哈

4

这道题我认为出的不是特别严谨,对于识别行为偏差的界限比较模糊,不是非常明晰

所以咱们通过题目回顾知识点即可,不用纠结具体题干和选项的对应关系哈

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努力的时光都是限量版,加油!

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