Silver tells Shrewsbury, “Managing fixed-income portfolios to meet obligations requires an understanding of the nature of the liabilities. Clients with liability types such as those listed in Exhibit 1 use yield statistics, such as Macaulay, modified duration, money durations, and the present value of a basis point (PVBP), when implementing immunization strategies.”
Exhibit 1
Classification of Liabilities
Liability TypeExampleCash Outlay AmountTimingIBond with no optionsKnownKnownIICallable bondKnownUncertainIIIStructured notesUncertainKnownIVDefined benefit planUncertainUncertain
Shrewsbury responds, “Only Type I clients can measure the interest rate sensitivity of liabilities using yield statistics. Those with Type II, III, and IV liabilities must use a curve duration statistic, such as effective duration, to estimate interest rate sensitivity.”
Q. Who is least likely correct with regard to the measures that clients in Exhibit 1 use when immunizing their liabilities?
- Shrewsbury regarding Type I investors
- Silver regarding Type I, II, III, and IV investors
- Shrewsbury regarding Type II, III, and IV investors