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qyang · 2021年03月29日

Could you explain why the value of equity tranch increases in selection A?

NO.PZ2019103001000083

问题如下:

Two of the structured financial instruments that Easton and Avelyn are considering for Dynamo’s portfolio are collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) and covered bonds. Easton and Avelyn make the following comments about the securities.

Easton: If the correlation of the expected defaults on the CDO collateral of the senior and subordinated traches is positive, the relative value of the equity tranche compared with the senior and mezzanine tranches will increase.

Avelyn: Replacing a portion of the corporate bonds with CDOs will provide meaningful diversification to the investment portfolio.

Avelyn: Investing in covered bonds will give us the yield increase we are seeking compared with investing in corporate bonds or asset-backed securities.

Which comment regarding CDOs and covered bonds is accurate?

选项:

A.

Easton’s comment

B.

Avelyn’s first comment

C.

Avelyn’s second comment

解释:

A is correct.

CDOs typically include some form of subordination. With subordination, a CDO has more than one bond class or tranche, including senior bond classes, mezzanine bond classes (which have credit ratings between senior and subordinated bond classes), and subordinated bond classes (often referred to as residual or equity tranches). The correlation of expected defaults on a CDO’s collateral affects the relative value between the senior and subordinated tranches of the CDO. As correlations increase, the values of the equity tranches usually increase relative to the values of the senior and mezzanine tranches

Also, I don't understand the last sentence of the explanation below "我equity层还能拿到最高的收益率(因为卖的最便宜)". Please help! Thank you!



WallE_品职答疑助手 · 8 个月前

同学你好,

以勘误为准,这里就是选A的

您就这么想,correlation上升的极限就是1,要么违约,要么都不违约,都不违约的话,我equity层还能拿到最高的收益率(因为卖的最便宜)。

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发亮_品职助教 · 2021年03月30日

嗨,努力学习的PZer你好:


Could you explain why the value of equity tranch increases in selection A?


因为Equity层拿到的是剩余现金流。

当底层资产Correlation很高时,例如极限是+1,那此时要么底层资产全部违约,要么底层资产全部不违约。

此时,对于Equity层来讲,有可能会出现底层资产全部没有违约的情形,在这种情形下,Equity层拿到的剩余现金流非常高,他的收益率会非常大。

所以,当底层资产的Correlation上升时,Equity层的价值上升。


具体来看:


Equity层的设计初衷,就是用来保护Senior层和Mezzanine层级的(提升Senior层级的评级)。

Equity层只会拿到剩余价值,在底层资产表现好的情况下,例如,底层资产有很少的违约,那底层资产的现金流不但偿还完了Senior和Mezzanine的Coupon与本金,还有很多剩余,这部分剩余全部归Equity层所有。


所以,如果底层资产的表现很好的话(基本没有违约或违约很少时),Equity层的收益非常高。


当底层资产的Correlation比较低时,例如-1时,假设底层资产有2笔房贷,意思就是底层资产中A房贷违约,B房贷就不违约;A房贷不违约,B房贷就违约,因为Correlation是-1,A/B的表现始终是相反的,所以始终会有底层资产违约的情况。那此时,Equity层需要牺牲自己来保护Senior层,Equity层始终会有损失;这时候Equity层的收益并不会太高;由于受到了Equity层的保护,Senior层与Mezzanine层,会按时、按期拿到约定的现金流。


当底层资产的Correlation比较高时,例如极限+1,有可能出现底层资产全部没有违约,那在这种情况下,Equity层级的收益非常高,拿到的剩余现金流非常多。


所以Equity层喜欢的是高Correlation,因为有概率出现基本不违约,Equity层拿到极高剩余现金流的情况;


而Senior/Mezzanine层不喜欢高Correlation,因为高Correlation(例如+1),可能会出现底层资产全部违约,Senior/Mezzanine层连本金都会亏完,Senior/Mezzanine层喜欢较低的Correlation,这样底层资产虽然有违约,但Equity层不至于亏完,能够有效地对Senior层与Mezzanine层起到保护。


所以,在底层资产Correlation上升时,Equity层的价值上升,Senior、Mezzanine层的价值下降。

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