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Amber · 2020年09月15日

问一道题:NO.PZ2019100901000008

问题如下:

Bern Zang is the recently hired chief investment officer of the Janson University Endowment Investment Office. The Janson University Endowment Fund (the Fund) is based in the United States and has current assets under management of $12 billion. It has a long-term investment horizon and relatively low liquidity needs. The Fund is overseen by an Investment Committee consisting of board members for the Fund. The Investment Office is responsible for implementing the investment policy set by the Fund’s Investment Committee.

The Fund’s current investment approach includes an internally managed fund that holds mostly equities and fixed-income securities. It is largely passively managed with tight tracking error limits. The target asset allocation is 55% equities, 40% fixed income, and 5% alternatives. The Fund currently holds private real estate investments to meet its alternative investment allocation.

Identify the investment approach currently being used by the Investment Committee for managing the Fund. Justify your response.

Justify your response.

选项:

解释:

Norway Model is currently used by the Investment Committee

The investment approach currently used to manage the Fund’s assets is the Norway model. This approach is characterized by a heavy allocation to public equities and fixed-income securities with little allocation to alternatives and largely passively managed assets with tight tracking error limits.

老師 做了上午的IPS writing的題目,是不是能歸類pension的return objective基本上都是liabilities的discount rate, foundation的return objective 通常都是 spending rate + inflation + expense rate? 謝謝老師

1 个答案
已采纳答案

发亮_品职助教 · 2020年09月16日

嗨,努力学习的PZer你好:


“是不是能歸類pension的return objective基本上都是liabilities的discount rate”


是的。

这其实是以前的考纲,对现在的考纲来讲有一点超纲了,但具体来讲就是:

1、当养老金状态是Fully-funded时,Pension的Return objective就是负债的折现率;

原因非常简单,Fully-funded代表Asset PV ≥  Liability PV,也就是资产、负债的现值至少相等;如果我们让资产的收益率等于负债的折现率,暗含的意思就是,资产和负债能以相同的增长率(收益率)向未来复利增长。

那既然现在已经是现值相等了,我们又让增长率也相等了,所以未来资产的Future value也一定是大于等于负债的Future value,即,我们能达到资产偿还负债的要求。

所以在Fully-funded状态时,把资产的收益率设置成负债的折现率,就能完成养老金Cover负债的要求。

2、如果题目有说,资产相比负债有一个Excess return,意思就是资产的收益率比负债要高出这个Excess return,那这时候,资产的收益率为:

负债的Discount rate + Excessive return;一般这种情况比较少见,印象中往年真题只有06年的Q4出现过这个情况。

以上2点可以用来做往年的真题,但对现在的考纲来讲有一点超纲,了解即可。



“foundation的return objective 通常都是 spending rate + inflation + expense rate? ”


是的。

追求永续存在(In perpetuity)的Foundation 和 Endowment,他俩的Return objective为:

Spending rate + inflation + expense rate;


原因是,我们追求的是基金的永续存在,那如何达到永续呢?

就是如果没有任何支出的情况下,Foundation和Endowment至少每年要增长一个Inflation,这样相当于Foundation/Endowment的购买力一直是保持不变的。这是Endowment/Foundation没有支出的情况下,收益率至少达到Inflation就可保持永续。

但是,Foundation和Endowment还有一个支出,支出为Spending rate和Expense rate,这个支出会削减Endowment/Foundation的资产池,从而资产池会衰减,无法保证永续;

所以,为了至少保证Endowment/Foundation的资产池保持不变,可以永续滚动下去,Endowment/Foundation的收益率还要Cover Spending rate和Expense rate;

暗含的意思就是,基金的收益可以Cover支付,不动用本金;

这样,基金的收益达到Spending rate + Expense rate,可以保证现金流入等于现金流出,不动用本金;在此基础上,再获得Inflation的收益,能保证资金池的本金能保持购买力不变,一直永续存在。

所以,对于目标是永续存在的Foundation/Endowment,我们的Return objective为:Spending rate + Expense rate + Inflation,即可完成永续的目标。

关于这点,也是过去考纲的知识点,现在也没有涉及,了解即可。


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虽然现在很辛苦,但努力过的感觉真的很好,加油!


Amber · 2020年09月17日

謝謝老師完美的解答