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啵啵啵啵啵啵儿儿 · 2020年05月05日

问一道题:NO.PZ2015120604000144

问题如下:

Quintina conducts a hypothesis to test whether the variance of the annually return is 0.0144. Then she selects a  random  25 year's data as a sample, Quintina figures out the variance of the sample is 0.013924.Assume the level of significance is 5%, which of the following conclusion is least accurate?

选项:

A.

The population variance is not significant different from 0.0144.

B.

The population and sample variances are significantly different.

C.

This hypothesis is appropriate to use the chi-square test.

解释:

B is correct.

The null hypothesis is H0: σ2=0.0144. It is appropriate to use the two-tailed chi-square test.

The test statistic is:   χ 2 = (n1) s 2 σ 0 2 ={(25-1)*0.013924}/0.0144= 23.2067

The critical chi-square critical values are 12.4 and 39.36.

Because the test statistic falls between these two values,so Quintina fails to reject the null hypothesis.

So we conclude that the population variance is not significantly different from 0.0144.

老师,好:

上课老师说不需要掌握计算啊,只需要知道用什么方式检验,没说怎么计算检验。但我看前面提问又说到需要掌握计算。到底是需要还是不需要呢?

2 个答案
已采纳答案

星星_品职助教 · 2020年05月10日

同学你好,重新整理了一下追问的回复顺序:

在一级考试里,卡方检验基本上都是检验方差是否等于一个确定的数,也就是原假设H0就是你列的δ²=δ0²,备择假设Ha:δ²≠δ0²,所以是个双尾检验。卡方检验也有单尾的情况,但是在一级里出现的概率很低,本身卡方检验就不是重点考点。

查表的话自由度为n-1=24,双尾检验需要查两个critical value,原版书后给的卡方表是“右尾”概率,所以5%双尾检验的情况下就需要查 1,右侧面积97.5%对应的临界值,对应的是左侧拒绝域2.5%,结果为12.401,2. 右侧面积是2.5%的临界值,对应的就是右侧拒绝域2.5%。结果为39.364。

总而言之卡方检验不是很重要,如果考大概率就是什么情况下用这个检验。查表和检验统计量的计算考察的可能性都不大,但既然学到这了,还是记忆一下吧。

星星_品职助教 · 2020年05月07日

同学你好,

卡方统计量的计算需要掌握,但考的不多。

啵啵啵啵啵啵儿儿 · 2020年05月07日

(因为追问不让超过200字)。因为原来的t和z都是对称的,所以一边出来就可以。但这个我不确定是什么形状,老师也没讲过这种计算,所以我不知道另外个critical value是怎么出来的,不过按照答案对照表格,是0.975所对应的值。我注意到chi-square写的probability in right tail,能解释下这个得出过程么?

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