问题如下:
Which of the following trade restrictions is likely to result in the greatest welfare loss for the importing country?
选项:
A.A tariff.
B.An import quota.
C.A voluntary export restraint.
解释:
C is correct.
With a voluntary export restraint, the price increase induced by restricting the quantity of imports (= quota rent for equivalent quota = tariff revenue for equivalent tariff) accrues to foreign exporters and/or the foreign government.
考点:Trade Restrictions
A关税首先是被进口国政府征收,所以该国的损失减少。不入选。
B选项进口配额,与关税相比,配额虽然由进口国征收,但是出口国厂家也可以通过提价的方式,获取高额利润。所以配额带来的收益究竟是给了进口国政府还是出口国的厂商,这是不好确定的。不入选。
但是对于C选项,自动出口限制。它是出口国政府以及厂商发起的。因此和进口国没有半毛钱的关系。所以进口国完全无法从中获利(无为损失大)。所以选C.
出口国限制出口数量,跟进口国收入受到损失有什么关系?