问题如下：
Peter is 79 years old and his wife Lucy is 68 years old. They would like to maintain their living standards with spending requirement of $300,000 in real terms.
Assuming inflation rate is 2% and nominal risk-free rate is 4%. The survival probabilities for the next three years are listed in the following table:
Peter and Lucy’s core capital spending needs over the next three years are：
选项：
A.860,490
B.900,000
C.824,659
解释：
A is correct.
考点：Estimating core capital with mortality tables
解析：每年存活的联合概率为：
第一年: P (joint survival) =0.9355+0.9831-0.9355×0.9831=0.9989
第二年：P (joint survival) =0.8702+0.9649-0.8702×0.9649=0.9954
第三年：P (joint survival) =0.8038+0.9457-0.8038×0.9457=0.9893
每年的必要支出为300,000，该数字是in real terms，而不是nominal，因此需要用real rate进行折现，real rate=nominal free risk rate- inflation rate=4%-2%=2%
第一年现值=(300,000×0.9989)₤(1+2%)=293,794
第二年现值=(300,000×0.9954)₤(1+2%)^2 =287,024
第三年现值=(300,000×0.9893)₤(1+2%)^3 =279,672
因此core capital=293,794+287,024+279,672=860,490
您好！我对这里nominal 和real 的定义有困惑。
每年的spending是需要adjust for inflation rate 2%, 所以应该是nominal spending, 相对应应该用nominal discount rate of 4%. 但似乎例题中用了real discount rate of 2%. 请问我的理解是不是有偏差？我注意到讲义中的例题也是inflation adjusted spending 但是用了real discount rate of 2% (RFR) 来做PV。谢谢您！
