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Kuzen · 2025年03月16日

C的答案怎么理解

NO.PZ2024021801000064

问题如下:

Which of the following statements is most accurate? An emission trading system:

选项:

A.sets an explicit price on greenhouse gas emissions. B.mandates similar levels of emissions reductions for all actors. C.creates an economic incentive for emissions reductions to occur at the point of least cost.

解释:

C is correct because "an ETS [emission trading system] is a system based on the exchange of permits for emission units, where actors who exceed their emissions limits are required to buy permits from those that have emitted less. The overall quantity of emissions is fixed, and market mechanisms are used to set their price. In theory, this creates an economic incentive for emissions reductions to occur at the point of least cost; rather than mandating similar levels of reductions for all actors, price discovery helps reward those that can afford to reduce more."

A is incorrect because "carbon taxation takes a different approach [compared to ETS] by directly setting an explicit price on GHG emissions (e.g. per tonne of CO2)."

B is incorrect because an ETS "creates an economic incentive for emissions reductions to occur at the point of least cost; rather than mandating similar levels of reductions for all actors, price discovery helps reward those that can afford to reduce more."

碳定价是一种市场化的减排方式,但怎么理解就是为最低成本的一种激励呢?

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