能解释一下这个题吗

问题如下：

An operational risk manager at a bank is preparing for the bank’s adoption of the standardized measurement approach (SMA) for calculating operational risk capital according to Basel guidelines. The manager focuses on the formulation of the business indicator component and the loss component. Which of the following statements is correct regarding these two components of the SMA?

选项：

A.The loss component is calculated as the 99.9 percentile of the 1-year loss for each business unit and risk type. B.The business indicator component is calculated in the same manner under the SMA as it is under the advanced measurement approach. C.Any trading losses suffered by the bank will increase the business indicator component, despite decreasing gross income. D. The SMA is structured in such a way that for an average bank, the loss component is greater than the business indicator component.

解释：

Explanation: C is correct. Items such as trading losses and operating expenses, which reduce gross income, are treated differently so that they increase the business indicator.

A is incorrect. This describes the calculation of required capital under the advanced measurement approach.

B is incorrect. There is no business indicator component under the AMA.

D is incorrect. For an average bank, the loss component and the business indicator component are equal.

Learning Objective: Describe the standardized measurement approach and explain the reasons for its introduction by the Basel committee.

Reference: Global Association of Risk Professionals, Valuation and Risk Models (New York, NY: Pearson, 2023). Chapter 7. Operational Risk [VRM–7]