two notch是什么意思？

问题如下：

Which of the following factors must be taken into account in the net cash outflows in a 30-day period component of the liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) as required by Basel III?

选项：

A.

Complete losses on deposits.

B.

Partial losses of wholesale funding.

C.

Larger haircuts on secured funding.

D.

Two notch reductions in credit ratings.

解释：

在计算流动性覆盖率（LCR）时，需要考虑的因素之一就是有担保融资的更高折价（haircut），此外还包括存款的部分损失、批发融资的全额损失、信用额度提取，以及信用评级下调三个等级的情况。这些元素共同影响着金融机构应对短期流动性压力的能力评估。