NO.PZ2024021801000075
问题如下：
Which of the following is most likely classified as secondary ESG data?
选项：
A.Surveys
B.News articles
C.ESG scores by rating agencies
解释：
A. Incorrect because primary data can be sourced from companies directly. Indirect assessment can be via a third-party source (such as Glassdoor for employee satisfaction data and scores, which are directly sourced from employee surveys).
B. Incorrect because primary data can be sourced from companies directly. Alternatively, the source may be indirect, via: news articles.
C. Correct because many ESG databases provide secondary ESG data or ratings. These are assessments transformed by a process of scoring or a formula from a primary data source. Secondary data sources typically involve transforming the primary ESG data in some way and creating new scores, assessments or ratings based on these transformations. These are available from commercial organizations, both financial and non-financial, as well as regulators, NGOs and other non-profit or charitable bodies.
备考材料里面新闻是indirect