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norm-based screening不也属于negative screening吗

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问题如下：

Screening of issuers against recognized minimum standards of business practice is best described as:

选项：

A.positive screening.

B.negative screening.

C.norms-based screening.

解释：

A. Incorrect because positive screening is investment into the best ESG performers relative to industry peers across different criteria as opposed to screening issuers against internationally-recognized minimum standards of business practice.

B. Incorrect because negative screening represents the avoidance of the worst performers as opposed to screening issuers against internationally-recognized minimum standards of business practice.

C. Correct because norms-based screening applies existing normative frameworks in order to screen issuers against internationally-recognized minimum standards of business practice. Screening generally applies globally recognized frameworks like treaties, protocols, declarations and conventions.

norm-based screening不也属于negative screening吗

嗨，从没放弃的小努力你好：

同学你好，

Norms-based screening 是基于国际公认的规范和标准来筛选发行人。例如，依照联合国全球契约、国际劳工组织（ILO）准则或其他国际协议，筛除那些不符合这些最低行为标准的公司。因此，它是基于“符合或不符合特定规范”的筛选方法。Negative screening 通常是根据特定的道德或价值观标准，直接排除某些行业或类别的公司，比如烟草、武器、赌博等。这类筛选不一定基于国际公认的标准或协议，而更多是基于投资者或基金管理人的道德或价值观考量。

虽然Norms-based screening 有时也会排除公司，但它的核心在于是否符合最低行为准则，即“合规性”。这与单纯的 negative screening（通常基于道德或价值观进行的排除）不同。

Negative screening 可以说是一种“更宽泛的排除方法”，可以涉及任何投资者或基金管理人认为“不适当”的行业或公司。
Norms-based screening 则更加具体，依赖于国际认可的标准和框架。它不一定是完全的排除，可能只是对未达到标准的公司进行限制，或者要求它们改进。

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虽然现在很辛苦，但努力过的感觉真的很好，加油！

norm-based screening不也属于negative screening吗

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