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过儿 · 2024年10月15日

这里的几个比例是什么关系,能讲解一下吗?

NO.PZ2020021601000018

问题如下:

Judith Yoo is a financial sector analyst writing an industry report.

Part of Yoo’s analysis focuses on Company XYZ, a global commercial bank, and its CAMELS rating, risk management practices, and performance.

To assess Company XYZ’s risk management practices, Yoo reviews the consumer loan credit quality profile in Exhibit 3.

Based on Exhibit 3, the trend in impairment allowances is reflective of the changes in:

选项:

A.

impaired assets.

B.

strong credit quality assets.

C.

past due but not impaired assets.

解释:

C is correct.

Impairment allowances have increased proportionately to the increases in the amount of past due but not impaired assets, which may be in anticipation of these past due assets becoming impaired. Impaired assets have decreased each year while strong credit quality assets have increased each year, which suggests lowering impairment allowances as a result of improving credit quality of these financial instruments.

2015 to 2016 change in impaired assets: (9,345/10,235)-1=-8.7%

2015 to 2016 change in strong credit quality assets: (327,345/320,340)-1=2.2%

2015 to 2016 change in past due but not impaired assets: (2,314/2,058)-1=12.4%

2015 to 2016 change in impairment allowances: (-4,500/-4,000)-1=12.5%

2016 to 2017 change in impaired assets: (8,804/9,345)-1=-5.8%

2016 to 2017 change in strong credit quality assets: (338,948/327,345)-1=3.5%

2016 to 2017 change in past due but not impaired assets: (2,823/2,314)-1=22.0%

2016 to 2017 change in impairment allowances: (-5,500/-4,500)-1=22.2%

这里的几个比例是什么关系,能讲解一下吗?

1 个答案

王园圆_品职助教 · 2024年10月15日

同学你好,你想问的是什么比例?是change in impaired assets,change in strong credit quality assets,change in past due but not impaired assets还有change in impairment allowances 这几个变动数值的关系吗?

这个部分老师上课和原版书都是没有做特别说明的哦,因为都是银行的一些报表数字,所以他们内部的变动关系是比较复杂的,并不是CFA会考察的点哦,像本题这样通过纯粹的计算来看哪些科目变动是同向的或者反向的,才是常见的题目形式呢

以下说明是对题目中出现的几个专业名词及本题考点的详解,同学有兴趣的话了解以下内容即可哦

关于题目和选项中出现的专业术语,建议大家不需要细抠名词解释,只要知道其变化,是如何反应资产的信用质量即可。之所以如此建议,主要基于两点:

1)这道课后题,改编自原版书的例题 3。表格中的专业术语,在例题 3 的分析中,并没有字体加粗,作为 Glossary terms,提供更细致的名词解释,所以这类名词,我们并不需要掌握具体完整的含义。

所谓 glossary terms,比如 allowance for loan losses 和 provision for loan losses。这两个词,在原版书中正文中,都有字体加粗,并提供了解释,所以这类名词,才是需要我们投入更多精力掌握的。

2)例题 3 的数据,取自 HSBC 汇丰控股 2016 年报。表格中的会计科目,在年报中,都是有明确定义的,但是并不需要我们细抠。

比如 impaired loans 已减值贷款,根据年报描述,是只要符合三个条件之一的贷款都属于已减值贷款。根据贷款类型不同,条件不同。比如零售贷款,是分类为预期亏损(EL)9 级或10 级,逾期超过 90 日,未个别评估为并非已减值的贷款。

一个专业术语,又引出更多的专业术语,容易让大家陷入不必要的细节当中,所以就这道题出现的几个名词解释,不建议大家细抠名词解释。

下面从建议大家理解的方式,去分析表格中的专业术语。我们先看结构,再看影响。即看各部分的变化如何影响信用质量 credit quality

表格中最后一行的总贷款 total loans,是 3 A 1 S,即由三个加项,一个减项组成。

三个加项分别是

1)Neither past due nor impaired 並非逾期或已減值,包含表格前四行的数据(从第一行 Strong credit quality 稳健,到第四行 Substandard credit quality 低于标准)

如果这部分资产增加,尤其是第一行稳健贷款资产的增加,说明资产的信用质量「提升」,即选项 B 所反应的内容。

2)Past due but not impaired 已逾期但並非已減值

从简化理解的角度出发,可认为是已逾期,但逾期未超过 90 天的贷款。因为已经逾期了,所以如果这部分资产增加,说明信用质量「下降」,即选项 C 所反应的内容。

3)impaired 已减值

从简化理解的角度出发,可认为是逾期超过 90 天的贷款,所以这部分资产减少,说明信用质量「提升」,即选项 A 所反应的内容。

一个减项,是 Impairment allowances 减值准备

如果减值准备增加,说明信用质量「下降」,即问题所反应的内容。

结合三个选项,可理解为,已逾期但並非已減值增加了(选项 C),这部分资产的质量很可能继续恶化,即仍无法催回,逾期天数增加,成为已减值贷款,所以计提了更多的减值准备。

所以减值准备的趋势,反应了已逾期但並非已减值贷款的变化。

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