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eyn · 2024年09月20日

consumer surplus + producer surplus

  1. CFA I
  2. Economics Analysis

NO.PZ2023071902000098

问题如下：

QuestionIn the context of a price taker nation levying a tariff on an imported item:

选项：

A.

the overall welfare of the nation improves.

B.

there's an uptick in consumer surplus.

C.

local producers experience a surge in producer surplus.

解释：

Solution

  1. Incorrect, as imposing a tariff in a country that is a price taker will not result in an overall increase in national welfare. While some entities might benefit, the aggregate effect is typically a deadweight loss.
  2. Incorrect, since levying a tariff usually results in increased prices for imported goods, causing a reduction in consumer surplus.
  3. Correct. Domestic producers will indeed benefit from the tariff as it offers protection against cheaper imports, leading to an increase in their producer surplus. However, this gain is often offset by the losses faced by consumers.

International Trade

•

A不正确，因为在一个价格接受者的国家征收关税不会导致国家福利的总体增加。虽然某些实体可能会受益，但总体效果通常是无谓损失。
B不正确，因为征收关税通常会导致进口商品价格上涨，导致消费者剩余减少。
C正确。国内生产商确实会从关税中受益，因为它提供了对廉价进口产品的保护，导致它们的生产商盈余增加。然而，这种收益往往被消费者面临的损失所抵消。

B、C选项提到了这两个名词，分别是什么意思呢？

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1 个答案

笛子_品职助教 · 2024年09月21日

嗨，爱思考的PZer你好：


B、C选项提到了这两个名词，分别是什么意思呢？


Hello，亲爱的同学~

 consumer surplus翻译为消费者剩余，是指消费者消费一定数量的某种商品愿意支付的最高价格与这些商品的实际市场价格之间的差额‌。它是衡量消费者福利的重要指标。


从消费者剩余的定义可以看出，商品价格越低，越有利于消费者，消费者剩余越高。反之，商品价格越高，越不利于消费者，消费者剩余越少。


结合本题，关税会使商品价格上涨，商品价格越高，越不利于消费者，消费者剩余是减少。因此不选B。


 producer surplus翻译为s生产者剩余。是指由于生产要素和产品的最低供给价格与当前市场价格之间存在差异而给生产者带来的额外收益‌。


从生产者剩余的定义可以看出，商品价格越高，越有利于生产者，生产者剩余越高。反之，商品价格越低，越不利于生产者，生产者剩余越少。每个厂商都希望自己生产的商品能卖出高价。


关税提高了商品价格，从而有利于生产者，生产者剩余增加，因此选C。






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