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eyn · 2024年08月19日

财政乘数

NO.PZ2023071902000013

问题如下:

QuestionIf a government enhances its expenditure on domestically produced goods using funds obtained from an equivalent rise in taxes, the most likely impact on aggregate demand will be:

选项:

A.Decline. B.Unaffected. C.Surge.

解释:

Solution

  1. Incorrect. When the government raises spending by the same amount as it increases taxes, aggregate demand is expected to rise. This is due to the marginal propensity to spend out of disposable income being less than 1, resulting in a smaller reduction in spending (represented by "c," the marginal propensity to consume) for each dollar of disposable income decrease. Aggregate spending will fall less than the tax rise by a factor of "c." This additional output will, in turn, lead to further increases in income and output through the multiplier effect.

  2. Incorrect. When the government raises spending by the same amount as it increases taxes, aggregate demand is expected to rise. This is due to the marginal propensity to spend out of disposable income being less than 1, resulting in a smaller reduction in spending (represented by "c," the marginal propensity to consume) for each dollar of disposable income decrease. Aggregate spending will fall less than the tax rise by a factor of "c." This additional output will, in turn, lead to further increases in income and output through the multiplier effect.

  3. Correct. When the government raises spending by the same amount as it increases taxes, aggregate demand is expected to rise. This is due to the marginal propensity to spend out of disposable income being less than 1, resulting in a smaller reduction in spending (represented by "c," the marginal propensity to consume) for each dollar of disposable income decrease. Aggregate spending will fall less than the tax rise by a factor of "c." This additional output will, in turn, lead to further increases in income and output through the multiplier effect.

Fiscal Policy

• describe tools of fiscal policy, including their advantages and disadvantages


C正确的。当政府增加支出的幅度与增加税收的幅度相同时,总需求预计会上升。这是由于可支配收入中的边际消费倾向小于1,导致可支配收入每减少1美元,支出的减少较小(用“c”表示,边际消费倾向)。总支出的下降幅度将小于增税幅度的1 / c。这种额外的产出反过来又会通过乘数效应导致收入和产出的进一步增加。

比如,居民收入100元,那么只会拿出来40元消费。只有40元刺激经济。

但如果政府把居民的这100元收走,然后政府用来开支,政府可以开支100元,这100元都可以刺激经济。

这就是财政乘数。

如果这样,那么政府增加税率更能刺激经济? 这与常识不是反的吗?正常理解是减少税率才能拉动消费刺激经济?

2 个答案
已采纳答案

笛子_品职助教 · 2024年08月20日

嗨,爱思考的PZer你好:


也就是比如政府通过增加税点多征收了1个亿的税收,又把这1个亿用作类似基建投资(比如造高铁),这样相对于没有多征收1个亿的税是更能拉动经济的对吗?

Hello,亲爱的同学~

同学理解正确。

政府收1亿元税收,并把1亿元作为基建。相比政府不收1亿元税收,不把1亿元用于基建。对于经济,要更有刺激作用。

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就算太阳没有迎着我们而来,我们正在朝着它而去,加油!

笛子_品职助教 · 2024年08月20日

嗨,从没放弃的小努力你好:


Hello,亲爱的同学~

同学说,“政府只是增加税收这一个单独的动作”,则并不能刺激经济。

同学的这个理解是完全正确的,棒棒~

同样的,同学说,“减少税率可以拉动经济”,同学的这个理解也是正确的。


但本题并不是同学说的,单纯的增加税收。

结合本题,政府增加税收的同时,把增加的税收用来增加政府开支,本题说的是“加税 + 增加政府开支”这样两个动作的组合,而不仅仅是“加税”这一个动作。

本题这两个动作组合起来,是可以刺激经济的。


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就算太阳没有迎着我们而来,我们正在朝着它而去,加油!

eyn · 2024年08月20日

也就是比如政府通过增加税点多征收了1个亿的税收,又把这1个亿用作类似基建投资(比如造高铁),这样相对于没有多征收1个亿的税是更能拉动经济的对吗?

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