NO.PZ2023071902000013
问题如下:
QuestionIf a government enhances its expenditure on domestically produced goods
using funds obtained from an equivalent rise in taxes, the most likely
impact on aggregate demand will be:
选项:
A.Decline. B.Unaffected. C.Surge.解释:
Solution
Incorrect. When the government raises spending by the same amount as it increases taxes, aggregate demand is expected to rise. This is due to the marginal propensity to spend out of disposable income being less than 1, resulting in a smaller reduction in spending (represented by "c," the marginal propensity to consume) for each dollar of disposable income decrease. Aggregate spending will fall less than the tax rise by a factor of "c." This additional output will, in turn, lead to further increases in income and output through the multiplier effect.
Incorrect. When the government raises spending by the same amount as it increases taxes, aggregate demand is expected to rise. This is due to the marginal propensity to spend out of disposable income being less than 1, resulting in a smaller reduction in spending (represented by "c," the marginal propensity to consume) for each dollar of disposable income decrease. Aggregate spending will fall less than the tax rise by a factor of "c." This additional output will, in turn, lead to further increases in income and output through the multiplier effect.
Correct. When the government raises spending by the same amount as it increases taxes, aggregate demand is expected to rise. This is due to the marginal propensity to spend out of disposable income being less than 1, resulting in a smaller reduction in spending (represented by "c," the marginal propensity to consume) for each dollar of disposable income decrease. Aggregate spending will fall less than the tax rise by a factor of "c." This additional output will, in turn, lead to further increases in income and output through the multiplier effect.
• describe tools of fiscal policy, including their advantages and disadvantages
C正确的。当政府增加支出的幅度与增加税收的幅度相同时,总需求预计会上升。这是由于可支配收入中的边际消费倾向小于1,导致可支配收入每减少1美元,支出的减少较小(用“c”表示,边际消费倾向)。总支出的下降幅度将小于增税幅度的1 / c。这种额外的产出反过来又会通过乘数效应导致收入和产出的进一步增加。
比如,居民收入100元,那么只会拿出来40元消费。只有40元刺激经济。
但如果政府把居民的这100元收走,然后政府用来开支,政府可以开支100元,这100元都可以刺激经济。
这就是财政乘数。
如果这样,那么政府增加税率更能刺激经济? 这与常识不是反的吗?正常理解是减少税率才能拉动消费刺激经济?