外部性一般是由公司引起的吧？

NO.PZ2024010501000005 问题如下 Whiof the following statements regarng externalities is most accurate? A.Externalities occur e to environmentor socifactors. B.When externalities are positive, private costs are lower thsocietcosts. C.Internalization of externalities improves companies’ financiperformance. A is correct. Externalities coccur e to environmentfactors, supollution, or socifactors—for example, when companies fail to pa minimum wage. When externalities are positive, private costs are higher thsocietcosts. When externalities are negative, private costs are lower thsocietcosts. Internalization of these externalities coulsignificantly impathe costs anprofits of companies’ procts anservices, affecting their bottom line. C中，内部化是指什么？通常情况下没有negative前缀的外部性应该就默认是正外部性，那内部化减小外部性的幅度不就是减少private cost增加socicost吗？所以社会承担变多、公司自身承担变少，performance应该是上升的呀。

NO.PZ2024010501000005 问题如下 Whiof the following statements regarng externalities is most accurate? A.Externalities occur e to environmentor socifactors. B.When externalities are positive, private costs are lower thsocietcosts. C.Internalization of externalities improves companies’ financiperformance. A is correct. Externalities coccur e to environmentfactors, supollution, or socifactors—for example, when companies fail to pa minimum wage. When externalities are positive, private costs are higher thsocietcosts. When externalities are negative, private costs are lower thsocietcosts. Internalization of these externalities coulsignificantly impathe costs anprofits of companies’ procts anservices, affecting their bottom line. 请问外部性为什么跟ESG里面的G没有关系？

NO.PZ2024010501000005问题如下 Whiof the following statements regarng externalities is most accurate? A.Externalities occur e to environmentor socifactors.B.When externalities are positive, private costs are lower thsocietcosts.C.Internalization of externalities improves companies’ financiperformance. A is correct. Externalities coccur e to environmentfactors, supollution, or socifactors—for example, when companies fail to pa minimum wage. When externalities are positive, private costs are higher thsocietcosts. When externalities are negative, private costs are lower thsocietcosts. Internalization of these externalities coulsignificantly impathe costs anprofits of companies’ procts anservices, affecting their bottom line. 选C的问题是不是说，对于外部性的，改进，有的时候会适得其反所以C是不对的。

NO.PZ2024010501000005问题如下 Whiof the following statements regarng externalities is most accurate? A.Externalities occur e to environmentor socifactors.B.When externalities are positive, private costs are lower thsocietcosts.C.Internalization of externalities improves companies’ financiperformance. A is correct. Externalities coccur e to environmentfactors, supollution, or socifactors—for example, when companies fail to pa minimum wage. When externalities are positive, private costs are higher thsocietcosts. When externalities are negative, private costs are lower thsocietcosts. Internalization of these externalities coulsignificantly impathe costs anprofits of companies’ procts anservices, affecting their bottom line. B错误原因能一下吗？private cost是什么？