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KKII · 2024年07月25日

本题是否如下理解?

NO.PZ2018091901000053

问题如下:

Neshie Wakuluk is an investment strategist. Exhibit 1 summarizes Wakuluk’s predictions:

Wakuluk decides to focus on Country Y. Wakuluk makes the following observations:

Observation 2 Country Y is expected to significantly increase transfer payments and introduce a more progressive tax regime.

Based on Observation 2, what impact will the policy changes have on the trend rate of growth for Country Y?






选项:

A.

Negative

B.

Neutral

C.

Positive

解释:

C is correct.

Country Y is expected to significantly increase transfer payments and introduce a more progressive tax regime. Both of these changes are progrowth government policies and should have a positive impact on the trend rate of growth for a business cycle that is in slowdown or contraction. Transfer payments help mitigate fluctuations in disposable income for the most vulnerable households, while progressive tax regimes imply that the effective tax rate on the private sector is pro-cyclical (i.e., rising as the economy expands and falling as the economy contracts).

解析:

题目中说道预计Y国将大幅增加转移支付,并引入更累进的税收制度。这两种变化都是促进经济增长的政府政策,应此会对经济放缓或收缩的商业周期的趋势增长率产生积极影响。转移支付有助于缓解最脆弱家庭可支配收入的波动,而累进税制意味着对私营部门的有效税率是顺周期的(例如,经济扩张时上升,经济收缩时下降)。所以C选项正确。

转移支付,踩了油门


更高累进税率增加了GDP增长上限


所以这里GDP会有克制的增长


也就是Y国GDP会增长,但会有上限,总体对GDP增速还是positive的

2 个答案

源_品职助教 · 2024年07月26日

嗨,努力学习的PZer你好:



经济过热倒不是说资源效率利用低,而是过热会产生破魔,大概率后续会产生硬着陆,然后经济会好长时间都恢复不过来。其他理解是OK的哈。

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源_品职助教 · 2024年07月25日

嗨,从没放弃的小努力你好:



这里应该理解成,不管是累进税制还是转移支付,它们都是逆经济周期的。

也就是说在经济热的时候给经济降温,在经济不好时候,给经济托底。

所以它们有平滑经济的作用。因为减少了经济大起大落,所以对经济长期健康增长是有帮助的。

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KKII · 2024年07月25日

“所以它们有平滑经济的作用。因为减少了经济大起大落,所以对经济长期健康增长” 上述这句话,可不可以理解为,在资源有限的情况下,可以让资源更有效利用 经济过热(实际产出>潜在产出),此时资源利用效率低,浪费资源 经济萧条(实际产出<潜在产出),此时没达到经济的潜能上限 因为相比于经济周期波动,平滑的增长曲线在相同资源下,创造的GDP更多

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