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xiaobaiybz · 2024年07月15日

选项 c 如果把 equally weight 改成 barbell 就对了?那为什么 equally weight 不对?

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NO.PZ202303270300005901

问题如下:

(1) Assume the manager is able to extend her mandate by adding derivatives strategies to the three portfolio alternatives. The best way to position her portfolio to benefit from a bear flattening scenario is to combine a:

选项:

A.

2-year receive-fixed Australian dollar (AUD) swap with the same modified duration as the bullet portfolio.

B.

2-year pay-fixed AUD swap with twice the modified duration as the 2-year government bond in the barbell portfolio.

C.

9-year receive-fixed AUD swap with twice the modified duration as the 9-year government bond position in the equally weighted portfolio.

解释:

B is correct. A bear flattening scenario is a decrease in the yield spread between long- and short-term maturities driven by higher short-term rates. The manager must therefore position her portfolio to benefit from rising short-term yields. Under A, the receive-fixed 2-year swap is a synthetic long position, increasing portfolio duration that will result in an MTM loss under bear flattening. The receive-fixed swap in answer C will increase duration in long-term maturities. In the case of B, the pay-fixed swap with twice the modified duration of the barbell will more than offset the existing long position, resulting in net short 2-year and long 9-year bond positions in the overall portfolio and a gain under bear flattening.

选项 c 如果把 equally weight 改成 barbell 就对了?那为什么 equally weight 就不对呢?谢谢老师

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已采纳答案

发亮_品职助教 · 2024年07月15日

选项C怎么改都不对。因为选项C是9-year receive-fixed AUD swap,即,进入这样的Swap来调节Duration。注意到这是一个receive fixed swap,进入一个receive fixed swap会增加组合的duration。


原因是9-year receive fixed swap,定期会收到固定利率,同时定期支付浮动利率,这样的cash flow头寸可以看成是2个债券构成的组合:long 9-year fixed rate bond, short floating-rate bond。因为持有9年期长期债券,也是在未来9年定期收到固定利率,而发行(short) floating rate bond,也是在未来支付浮动利率。

而(long 9-year fixed bond + short floating rate bond),这样的组合duration是正数,是接近于9年期固定利率债券的duration。这个swap就可以看成以上头寸。所以,如果使用选项C的这个swap,那么会增加原头寸的duration。


而这道题是假设利率曲线发生bear flattening移动,bear代表的是整条利率曲线向上移动,flattening代表的是短期利率相对上升,长期利率相对下降。

我们要分别讨论组合在bear的表现以及在flattening的表现,然后综合一下才是最终的结果。


由于C的这个swap会增加duration,所以在bear利率平行上移时,整个组合会有亏损。


下面考虑flattening时,对组合的影响,在flattening的背景下,确实barbell会受益更多,因为barbell与equal weights的组合分别如下:

Equal weights: Invest equally in 2-year, 4.5-year, and 9-year bonds

Barbell: Invest equally in 2-year and 9-year government bonds 


barbell是50%的2-year, 50%的9-year;Equal weight是1/3的2-year, 1/3的4.5-year,1/3的9-year


C的swap说,swap在9年期的头寸是原组合在9年期duration头寸的2倍(with twice the modified duration as the 9-year government bond position)

如果原组合是barbell的话,原barbell的9年期头寸是50%,swap增加的9年期头寸duration就是100%

如果原组合是equal weights的话,原组合的9年期是1/3,swap增加的9年期duration头寸是2/3


明显,当原组合是barbell时,带来的9年期duration头寸增加的更多。

已知flattening是短期相对上升,长期相对下降,本题给的3个期限中,9年期就是相对的长期,所以是9年期利率相对下降,那barbell享受到的9年期利率下降带来的9年期value上升会更多。所以相对来说,选项C的equal weights换成barbell,最终的收益会更好一点。


但注意,综合考虑bear的平行上移影响,以及flattening的影响。其实C选项不是最佳选择,因为这个swap会增加duration,在bear平行上移会有亏。


明显选项B的swap会降低组合duration,在bear平行上移会受益,且进一步分析选项B在flattening下的表现,会发现选项B更好,是本题bear flattening下收益最佳的组合。

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