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139****0989 · 2024年05月10日

这句话没办法理解,请解释下

NO.PZ2024010501000016

问题如下:

Which of the following statements about the internalization of externalities is most accurate?

选项:

A.

Internalization of negative externalities can be achieved only by regulatory means.

B.

Internalization through taxation is an innovative, new idea to address externalized pollution costs.

C.

Internalization refers to all measures to ensure externalities are reflected in the prices of commercial goods and services.

解释:

C is correct. Internalization refers to all measures (public or private) to ensure that externalities become reflected in the prices of commercial goods and services. It is not limited to regulatory means. Using taxation to force internalization of pollution costs was first suggested in the 1920s.

Internalization refers to all measures (public or private) to ensure that externalities become reflected in the prices of commercial goods and services. 

1 个答案

净净_品职助教 · 2024年05月11日

嗨,努力学习的PZer你好:


选项C说的是“内部化指的是所有措施(公共或私人)以确保外部性在商业商品和服务的价格中得到体现”。这里的“内部化”是指一个经济概念,涉及将通常由社会而非生产或消费该商品的个体承担的成本(例如污染)纳入到商品或服务的价格中。

简单来说,当一个公司生产某种产品时,如果这个过程产生了污染,这种污染的负面效应(如空气或水污染)通常不会反映在该产品的成本或价格中,这就是所谓的“负外部性”。“内部化”就是通过各种手段(如税收、补贴调整、法规或市场机制等)将这些外部成本纳入产品价格中,使生产者和消费者在做出生产和购买决策时能够考虑到这些成本。

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努力的时光都是限量版,加油!

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