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Thea.Yu · 2024年04月18日

还是不是很明白为什么总需求上升

NO.PZ2023071902000013

问题如下:

QuestionIf a government enhances its expenditure on domestically produced goods using funds obtained from an equivalent rise in taxes, the most likely impact on aggregate demand will be:

选项:

A.Decline.

B.Unaffected.

C.Surge.

解释:

Solution

  1. Incorrect. When the government raises spending by the same amount as it increases taxes, aggregate demand is expected to rise. This is due to the marginal propensity to spend out of disposable income being less than 1, resulting in a smaller reduction in spending (represented by "c," the marginal propensity to consume) for each dollar of disposable income decrease. Aggregate spending will fall less than the tax rise by a factor of "c." This additional output will, in turn, lead to further increases in income and output through the multiplier effect.

  2. Incorrect. When the government raises spending by the same amount as it increases taxes, aggregate demand is expected to rise. This is due to the marginal propensity to spend out of disposable income being less than 1, resulting in a smaller reduction in spending (represented by "c," the marginal propensity to consume) for each dollar of disposable income decrease. Aggregate spending will fall less than the tax rise by a factor of "c." This additional output will, in turn, lead to further increases in income and output through the multiplier effect.

  3. Correct. When the government raises spending by the same amount as it increases taxes, aggregate demand is expected to rise. This is due to the marginal propensity to spend out of disposable income being less than 1, resulting in a smaller reduction in spending (represented by "c," the marginal propensity to consume) for each dollar of disposable income decrease. Aggregate spending will fall less than the tax rise by a factor of "c." This additional output will, in turn, lead to further increases in income and output through the multiplier effect.

Fiscal Policy

• describe tools of fiscal policy, including their advantages and disadvantages


C正确的。当政府增加支出的幅度与增加税收的幅度相同时,总需求预计会上升。这是由于可支配收入中的边际消费倾向小于1,导致可支配收入每减少1美元,支出的减少较小(用“c”表示,边际消费倾向)。总支出的下降幅度将小于增税幅度的1 / c。这种额外的产出反过来又会通过乘数效应导致收入和产出的进一步增加。

还是不是很明白为什么总需求上升 


1 个答案
已采纳答案

笛子_品职助教 · 2024年04月19日

嗨,从没放弃的小努力你好:



还是不是很明白为什么总需求上升 

这是财政乘数的效应。

当政府收税的金额等于财政刺激的金额的时候,由于存在乘数效应。

收税对经济的收缩作用小,而财政刺激对经济的刺激作用更大。


原理是:经济刺激,需要靠消费与投资,这个消费,可以是居民消费,也可以是政府消费与政府投资。

财政支出,意味着政府在投资。

而政府通过收税减少了居民收入,但居民只会在收入中拿出一部分来消费,不会把全部收入拿去消费。

例如,政府加税100元,居民收入减少100元,但居民的消费不会减少100元,而是只减少40元,对经济收缩的影响,实质只有40元。

但政府多赚的这100元的税,可以全部用来支出,这100元可以完全的刺激经济。

因此总的来说,对经济还是有净刺激。

同学记住这个结论就好。

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