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Veronica · 2024年04月04日

这样理解是否正确?

NO.PZ2018120301000022

问题如下:

Molly notes that SD&R generally uses actively managed portfolios designed to earn a return in excess of the benchmark portfolio. For clients interested in passive exposure to ­fixed-income instruments, SD&R offers two additional approaches.

  • Approach 1: Seeks to fully replicate a small range of benchmarks consisting of government bonds.
  • Approach 2: Follows an enhanced indexing process for a subset of the bonds included in the Bloomberg Barclays US Aggregate Bond Index. Approach 2 may also be customized to reflect client preferences.
Relative to Approach 1 of gaining passive exposure, an advantage of Approach 2 is that it:

选项:

A.

minimizes tracking error.

B.

requires less risk analysis.

C.

is more appropriate for socially responsible investors.

解释:

Correct Answer: C

C is correct. Enhanced indexing is especially useful for investors who consider environmental, social, or other factors when selecting a fixed-income portfolio. Environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) investing, also called socially responsible investing, refers to the explicit inclusion or exclusion of some sectors, which is more appropriate for an enhanced index strategy relative to a full index replication strategy. In particular, Approach 2 may be customized to reflect client preferences.

请问下面三个表述是否正确?

  1. enhanced的方法的确是minimize tracking error,A的表述是对的,但是在这里不能选
  2. enhanced方法也没有说对风险的分析就少
  3. 所以只能选C,但是考虑ESG是enhanced和active方法都有的advantage是吧?不单单是enhanced的
2 个答案
已采纳答案

pzqa31 · 2024年04月05日

嗨,努力学习的PZer你好:


1.2不对,3正确。


Tracking error最小的肯定是Fully-replication方法。

因为Fully-replication是完全模拟、购买指数中的所有成份。指数中有什么,我们的组合就有什么,因此追踪误差(Tracking error)是三种方法里最小的。


而对于Enhanced-indexing方法,我们用的是抽样模拟(Stratified sampling)的方式,目的是Match住Index的主要特征,而忽略一些次要的特征。所以模拟出来的组合和Index是有Tracking error的。

讲义里说的:Enhanced-indexing优点是Minimize tracking error,是指在用抽样模拟时,使用一些优化技术(optimization),再有成本约束的情况下、尽可能地降低Tracknig error(Minimize tracking error)。这样就能实现既能低成本追踪Index,又能尽可能降低Tracking error。

Enhanced-indexnig这里只是在一些约束条件下,尽可能地降低Tracking error,但其实要比较起来,Fully-repliacation的Tracking error最小,甚至完美的Fully-replication,Tracking error就是0.

所以,在模拟指数时,由于有低成本、以及在约束条件下minimize Tracking error的优势,Enhanced-indexing(Stratified sampling的方法)是most cost-efficient way to track index.


Approach 1是:Pure index(Fully replication)的方法,也就是完全模拟指数。

这种方法下,指数有啥我们的Portfolio就买啥、且权重一致,指数的每次调仓换股,我们的Portfolio都要跟着做。

所以在Fully-replication的方法下,Portfolio的Tracking error是0。或者实际操作时可能会有一些误差,但Tracking error也是非常小的。


Approach 2的方法是Enhanced-indexing,也就是只Match指数中的关键指标;做法一般是对指数进行分层抽样,这样可以以较低的成本Match住指数的关键指标。

同时,指数中的调仓换股,我们的Portfolio不一定要跟着调,只有影响到指数的关键指标时,我们的Portfolio才需要跟着调仓换股。

那这样的话,由于是分层抽样、且并非100%跟踪着指数调仓换股,我们的Portfolio会一定程度地偏离指数;所以Enhanced-indexing并不是完美地模拟指数,但是Approach 1的Pure indexing是完美模拟;

这样的话,和Approach 1相比,Approach 2的Enhanced-indexing肯定有更大的误差。


A选项说和Approach 1的Pure indexing相比,Approach 2的优势是minize tracking error这点错误;和Pure indexing相比,Approach 2的Tracking error更大。



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虽然现在很辛苦,但努力过的感觉真的很好,加油!

pzqa31 · 2024年04月06日

嗨,从没放弃的小努力你好:


B的说法是错误的,并不是方法2require more risk analysis,没有这样的结论,两种方法都需要差不多的risk analysis,并不存在less或者more的说法。

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就算太阳没有迎着我们而来,我们正在朝着它而去,加油!

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