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fssjyb · 2024年03月06日

正的外部性

  1. ESG
  2. Introduction to ESG

NO.PZ2022120701000005

问题如下：

Which of the following statements regarding externalities is most accurate?

选项：

A.Externalities can be due to environmental or social factors.

B.When externalities are positive, private costs are lower than societal costs.

C.Internalization of externalities does not affect companies’ financial

解释：

Externalities can occur due to environmental factors, such as pollution or social factors, for example, when companies fail to pay a minimum wage. When externalities are negative, private costs are lower than societal costs. Internalization of these externalities could significantly impact the costs and profits of companies’ products and services, affecting their bottom line.

老师，您好，正的外部性我理解应该是私人获得的好处小于外界获得的好处？请您再确认下

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1 个答案

王岑 · 2024年03月06日

嗨，爱思考的PZer你好：


对的，同学从这方面理解也是正确的。外部性（Externalities）指的是一个经济活动对不参与该活动的第三方产生的成本或利益。它们可以是正面的也可以是负面的。

  • 正的外部性（Positive externalities）发生在一个经济活动对外部产生额外的利益，而这些利益并不由活动发起者直接获得。例如，一个企业进行的研发活动可能会产生新技术，这不仅增加了企业的价值，还可能为社会整体带来好处。在这种情况下，私人获得的好处（即企业从其研发活动中获得的直接好处）小于社会获得的好处（包括新技术带来的广泛应用和效率提升）。
  • 负的外部性（Negative externalities）则是指经济活动对外部造成的成本，这些成本没有被活动的发起者承担。例如，工厂排放污染物导致空气或水质恶化，给周围社区的居民带来健康风险和清洁成本，这些成本是社会承担的，而不是工厂自己。


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虽然现在很辛苦，但努力过的感觉真的很好，加油！

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