嗨,努力学习的PZer你好:
我们教材中有一段话,应该可以帮助同学理解这道题目:“A company needs to abide by the laws of its home country (formally known as its country of incorporation), and a multinational group must act within the laws of any country in which it operates. In some respects, such as bribery and corruption, many jurisdictions impose extraterritorial laws, meaning that a company can be guilty of an offense anywhere in the world it is involved in corruption. For example, both the USA’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the UK’s Bribery Act have extraterritorial effect; the latter also explicitly requires every company to maintain procedures to ensure that no bribery is carried out by agents or others on its behalf.”
一家公司需要遵守其注册所在国(正式称为公司成立国)的法律,而跨国企业集团必须在其运营的任何国家内遵循当地法律。在某些方面,如贿赂和腐败问题上,许多司法管辖区实施域外法律,意味着如果公司在世界任何地方参与腐败活动,都可能被判定有罪。例如,美国的《海外反腐败法案》和英国的《反贿赂法案》都具有域外效力;后者还明确要求每家公司必须维护程序,以确保代理人或其他人代表公司进行的活动中不涉及贿赂。
B选项中的“员工健康与安全”,通常受制于国内法律和规定,这些法律规范了工作场所的安全标准和条件。虽然国际标准和准则可能影响这些法律的形成,但实际的法律执行通常限于国内范围,不涉及域外立法。
C选项中的“供应商付款”涉及商业合同和支付条款,这些大多受制于所在国的商法和合同法。虽然国际贸易法可能影响跨国交易,但这些法律通常不涉及特定企业的供应链支付实践,也不具有域外效力。而供应商付款的问题通常也被视为商业实践而非道德行为问题,且与腐败和贿赂等行为相比,不太可能引起国际社会对于实施域外立法的关注。
----------------------------------------------努力的时光都是限量版,加油!