Later, Adams and junior portfolio manager Frank Neeson review the fixed-income portfolios of two new defined benefit plan clients, Lawson Doors & Cabinets, Inc., and Wharton Farms. Lawson’s plan has 30 participants, who are mostly experienced craftsmen and machinists, whereas Wharton has over 100 participants in its plan. The average participant age is 15 years younger for the Wharton plan compared with the Lawson plan. In both plans, participants receive a monthly benefit upon retirement based on average final pay and have no option for a lump sum distribution. The two plans’ portfolio characteristics are shown in Exhibit 2.