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王10 · 2023年11月09日

没理解为什么残差项在这道题目中,相对linearity和independence对结果的影响最大?

NO.PZ2023062701000012

问题如下:

A researcher is conducting a study to examine the relationship between the amount of time spent studying and the scores achieved on a final exam. The researcher collects data from a sample of 100 students. Which of the following assumptions of linear regression is most likely to be violated in this study?

选项:

A.

Linearity

B.

Homoskedasticity

C.

Independence

解释:

In this study, the assumption of homoskedasticity is most likely to be violated. Homoskedasticity in linear regression assumes that the variance of the residuals (the difference between observed and predicted values) is constant across all levels of the independent variable. However, in the context of studying, it is plausible to assume that the variance of scores achieved on the final exam may differ depending on the amount of time spent studying. For example, students who study for longer periods might have more consistent and less variable exam scores compared to those who study less. Therefore, the assumption of homoskedasticity may not hold in this study.

没理解为什么残差项在这道题目中,相对linearity和independence对结果的影响最大?

1 个答案
已采纳答案

星星_品职助教 · 2023年11月10日

同学你好,

同方差/异方差描述方程的残差项的波动性是否随着自变量X的变动而变化。

答案解析认为,学习时间短的学生成绩不稳定,实际成绩波动性大,导致残差(实际成绩-预测成绩)的波动也大。学习时间更长的人成绩会比较稳定,从而实际成绩-预测成绩的波动也小,残差也稳定。

上述内容体现出了残差的波动性随着学习时间的变化(X变量的变化)而发生变化,构成(条件)异方差,从而违反了同方差的假设。


这道题出的有点别扭,了解一下答案给的思路即可。

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