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王猛🇨🇳 · 2023年11月02日

此题如何理解?

NO.PZ2023031001000038

问题如下:

Two analysts are discussing the costs of external financing sources. The first states that the company's bonds have a known interest rate but that the interest rate on accounts payable and the interest rate on equity financing are not specified. They are implicitly zero. Upon hearing this, the second analyst advocates financing the firm with greater amounts of accounts payable and common shareholders equity. Is the second analyst correct in his analysis?

选项:

A.

He is correct in his analysis of accounts payable only.

B.

He is correct in his analysis of common equity financing only.

C.

He is not correct in his analysis of either accounts payable or equity financing.

解释:

C is correct. Although accounts payable do not charge an explicit interest rate, the cost of accounts payable is reflected in the costs of the services or products purchased and in the costs of any discounts not taken. Accounts payable can have a very high implicit cost. Similarly, equity financing is not free. A required return is expected on shareholder financing just as on any other form of financing.

如题,谢谢

1 个答案

王琛_品职助教 · 2023年11月03日

嗨,从没放弃的小努力你好:


1

题目的背景是:两个分析师在讨论外部融资渠道的成本。第一位分析师说公司债是有明确的利率的,但是应付账款和股权融资没有明确的利率。这两种融资渠道的成本都是隐含为零。

第二位分析师主张用更多的应付账款和普通股股东权益为公司融资。第二位分析师的分析是否正确?

2

关于应付账款,结论是虽然没有明确的利息 "do not charge an explicit interest rate",但是隐形成本可能是很高的 "can have a very high implicit cost"

比如供应商和你谈的赊销条款是 1/10, net 30。即供货商允许你最晚 30 天付全款,但是如果你在前 10 天内能付款,可以给你打 1% 的折扣,相当于你只用付 99% 的货款即可

3

那你可能面临两种情况

第一种情况是享受折扣,即在第 10 天付 99% 的货款 (因为前 10 天都是 1% 的折扣,所以一般都会拖到第 10 天)

第二种情况是不享受折扣,即在第 10 天之后付货款,比如可能是第 20 天付 100% 货款,或者是等到第 30 天付 100% 货款

4

所谓的应付账款的隐含成本,指的就是如果你不享受折扣的话,选择在第 10 天之后付 100% 货款,那这里的成本是多少?比如你选择在第 30 天付全款

这里考虑的角度是,相当于第 10 天的时候,借了你 99,然后 30 天你还了 100,隐含成本高达 20.13%

也请参考基础班讲义墨迹版 P227

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