paid leave对trend growth的影响

问题如下：

Gopal Chadhuri is Chief Market Strategist at Cambro Partners, an asset management firm. Chadhuri constructs an intermediate-term GDP forecast for the developed country of Northland by aggregating the forecasts of its GDP components. He uses the following components: potential labor force size, actual labor force participation rate, capital inputs, and total factor productivity.

After making these forecasts, Chadhuri learns about the following reforms by Northland’s government.

Ÿ Reform 1: Pension reform which will increase the maximum tax-deductible amount for employee contributions to retirement plans.

Ÿ Reform 2: A new labor policy for large firms, requiring them to provide mandatory paid childcare leave for all employees.

A. Determine the most likely effect (decrease or increase) of:

i. Reform 1 on growth from capital inputs.

ii. Reform 2 on growth in the actual labor force participation rate.

Justify each response.

Note: Consider each reform independently.

选项：

解释：

中文解析：

养老金改革提高了可免税的最高金额，这应该会导致更多的退休计划缴款。储蓄的增加应该会产生更高的资本形成，从而增加资本投入带来的增长。

引入强制性带薪育儿假的新劳动政策最有可能提高实际劳动参与率的增长率。更大比例的潜在劳动人口将留在劳动力队伍中，而不是在孩子出生时退出。