NO.PZ2023010401000070
问题如下:
Selecteed information is taken from the GDP data of a hypothetical country.
Trade deficit (in $ trillions) for this country is closest to:
选项:
A.–66. B.–50. C.298解释:
B is correct. The relationship between domestic savings, private investment, the fiscal balance, and the trade balance is given by S = I + (G – T) + (X – M), where
S = Domestic savings
I = Private investment
G = Government spending
T = Total government tax revenues
X = Exports
M = Imports
G – T = The government deficit
X – M = The trade deficit
The trade deficit will be (X – M) = (S – I) – (G – T).
For the hypothetical economy, the following is true:
Domestic savings (S) is given as 638.
Total private investment (I) = Business gross fixed investment + Change in inventories = 538 + (–16) = 522.
Total government spending (G) = Government spending + Government fixed investment = 666 + 118 = 784.
Tax on households = Personal income – Personal disposable income.
Net tax paid by households = Tax on households – Transfer payments to consumers.
Total government revenues (T) = Net tax paid by households + Other tax revenues = (2,456 – 1,930) – 348 + 440 = 618.
Net government spending (G – T) = Total government spending – Total government revenues = 784 – 618 = –166.
Trade deficit = (X – M) = (S – I) – (G – T) = (Total domestic saving – Total private investment) – Net government spending = (638 – 522) – 166 = –50.
中文解析:
B正确。国内储蓄、私人投资、财政平衡和贸易平衡之间的关系由S = I + (G - T) + (X - M)给出,其中
S =国内储蓄
I =私人投资
G =政府开支
T =政府税收总收入
X =出口
M =进口
G - T =政府赤字
贸易赤字
贸易逆差为(X - M) = (S - I) - (G - T)。
对于假设的经济,以下是正确的:
国内储蓄(S)为638。
私人投资总额(I) =企业固定投资总额+存货变动= 538 +(-16)= 522。
政府总支出(G) =政府总支出+政府固定投资= 666 + 118 = 784。
家庭税=个人收入-个人可支配收入。
家庭缴纳的净税金=家庭缴纳的税金-对消费者的转移支付。
政府总收入(T) =家庭纳税净额+其他税收=(2,456 - 1,930)- 348 + 440 = 618。
政府净支出(G - T) =政府总支出-政府总收入= 784 - 618 = - 166。
贸易逆差= (X - M) = (S - I) - (G - T) =(国内储蓄总额-私人投资总额)-政府净支出=(638 - 522)- 166 = - 50。
Tax on households = Personal income – Personal disposable income.
Net tax paid by households = Tax on households – Transfer payments to consumers.
Total government revenues (T) = Net tax paid by households + Other tax revenues = (2,456 – 1,930) – 348 + 440 = 618.
这三个公式在哪里啊,现在要求记吗?