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Yunda · 2023年07月27日

劳动力增长率和人口增长率

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NO.PZ202208160100000401

问题如下:

Using the specified growth accounting equation, which is the most appropriate conclusion Birol can make from his data on trends in the economy?

选项:

A.Daltonia’s economy is performing at a steady state rate of growth.

B.Output per worker is falling.

C.GDP growth is primarily driven by labor.

解释:

Solution

C is correct. The components of growth can be determined using Solow’s growth accounting equation: ΔY/Y = ΔA/A + αΔK/K + (1 − α)ΔL/Lwhere:

ΔY/Y = GDP percentage growth

ΔA/A = percentage growth from total factor productivity (TFP)

ΔK/K = percentage growth in capital

ΔL/L = percentage growth in labor

α = share of income paid to capital factor

1 – α = share of income paid to labor factor, also the elasticity of output with respect to labor

TFP = Labor productivity growth – Growth in capital deepening = 1.7 – 2.3 = –0.6, which is given in Exhibit 1. Also given, 1 – α = 0.65 and α = 0.35


Growth due to labor of 2.21% is greater than the growth due to capital or TFP.

A is incorrect. Once the economy reaches steady state growth, capital deepening cannot be a source of sustained growth in the economy.

B is incorrect. Output per worker is rising since GDP growth of 3.75% is greater than population growth of 3.4%.

中文解析:

C是正确的。增长的组成部分可以使用索洛的增长核算方程来确定:ΔY/Y = ΔA/A + αΔK/K +(1−α)ΔL/ l其中:

ΔY/Y = GDP增长率

ΔA/A =全要素生产率(TFP)增长百分比

ΔK/K =资本增长率

ΔL/L =劳动力增长率

α =支付给资本要素的收入份额

1 - α =支付给劳动要素的收入份额,也是产出相对于劳动的弹性

TFP =劳动生产率增长-资本深化增长= 1.7 - 2.3 = - 0.6,见表1。另外,1 - α = 0.65, α = 0.35



劳动力增长2.21%,高于资本或全要素生产率的增长。

A是不正确的。一旦经济达到稳定增长状态,资本深化就不可能成为经济持续增长的来源。

选项B不正确。人均产出在上升,因为3.75%的GDP增长大于3.4%的人口增长。

这里计算growth due to labor时是65%*3.4%,3.4是人口增长,劳动力增长不是应该不能等同于人口增长?

1 个答案

笛子_品职助教 · 2023年07月28日

嗨,从没放弃的小努力你好:


这里计算growth due to labor时是65%*3.4%,3.4是人口增长,劳动力增长不是应该不能等同于人口增长?

严格来说,劳动力增长和人口增长不能等同,因为隐含了一个条件,劳动参与率不变。

只是这道题没有给其他数据,因此只能默认劳动参与率不变。

严谨的来说,这道题应该把人口增长,改成劳动力增长。

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虽然现在很辛苦,但努力过的感觉真的很好,加油!

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