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S. Wang · 2023年05月22日

想问下老师选项A的internalization of costs 是什么?这块没有很看懂

NO.PZ2022120703000004

问题如下:

Negative externalities:

选项:

A.result from internalization of costs. B.result in private costs that are higher than societal costs. C.result in societal costs that are not reflected in the prices of goods.

解释:

C is correct?because "the term externalities refers to situations where the production or consumption of goods and services creates costs or benefits to others that are not reflected in the prices charged for them...when externalities are negative, private costs are lower than societal costs...leading to 'market failures'...internalisation refers to all measures (public or private) to ensure that externalities become reflected in the prices of commercial goods and services."

A is incorrect because "...governments should tax polluters an amount equivalent to the cost of the harm incurred by others. Such a tax would yield the market outcome that would have prevailed with adequate internalisation of all costs by polluters. Internalisation refers to all measures (public or private) to ensure that externalities become reflected in the prices of commercial goods and services." Hence, internalization of costs would eliminate negative externalities.

B is incorrect because "when externalities are negative, private costs are lower than societal costs, resulting in market outcomes which may not be efficient or, in other words, leading to ‘market failures’."

Negative externalities:

A

result from internalization of costs.

B

result in private costs that are higher than societal costs.

C

result in societal costs that are not reflected in the prices of goods.

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净净_品职助教 · 2023年05月22日

嗨,从没放弃的小努力你好:


举例说明,一家公司随意排放污水到城市居民的饮用水源,给社会和环境带来成本,但是这家公司没有承担任何治理费用,这个就是给社会带来了负外部性,而内部化就是要让公司自己承担这个成本,将这个成本内部化给公司,反映在它的财务报表中,只有这样公司才会为了降低自己的成本想办法改善污水问题。

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努力的时光都是限量版,加油!

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