能具体说下是用哪几个数算的ratio吗？

问题如下：

Quentin Abay, CFA, is an analyst for a private equity firm interested in purchasing Bickchip Enterprises, a conglomerate. His first task is to determine the trends in ROE and the main drivers of the trends using DuPont analysis. To do so he gathers the data in Exhibit 1.

Exhibit 1. Selected Financial Data for Bickchip Enterprises (€ Thousands)

After conducting the DuPont analysis, Abay believes that his firm could increase the ROE without operational changes. Further, Abay thinks that ROE could improve if the company divested segments that were generating the lowest returns on capital employed (total assets less non-interest-bearing liabilities). Segment EBIT margins in 2009 were 11 percent for Automation Equipment, 5 percent for Power and Industrial, and 8 percent for Medical Equipment. Other relevant segment information is presented in Exhibit 2.

Exhibit 2. Segment Data for Bickchip Enterprises (€ Thousands)

Abay is also concerned with earnings quality, so he intends to calculate Bickchip’s cash-flow-based accruals ratio and the ratio of operating cash flow before interest and taxes to operating income. To do so, he prepares the information in Exhibit 3.

Exhibit 3. Earnings Quality Data for Bickchip Enterprises (€ Thousands)

7. Based on the ratios for operating cash flow before interest and taxes to operating income, Abay should conclude that:

选项：

A.

Bickchip’s earnings are backed by cash flow.

B.

Bickchip’s earnings are not backed by cash flow.

C.

Abay can draw no conclusion due to the changes in the ratios over time.

解释：

A is correct.

Operating cash flow before interest and taxes to operating income rises steadily (not erratically) from 1.2 to 1.3 to 1.9. The ratios over 1.0 and the trend indicate that earnings are supported by cash flow.

解析：从2007到2009年，Operating cash flow before interest and taxes to operating income分别是1.2,1.3和1.9，都大于1且趋势是变高，分子代表了经营现金流，分母代表经营利润，分子大于分母说明经营利润是由现金流支撑的。