开发者:上海品职教育科技有限公司 隐私政策详情

应用版本:4.2.11(IOS)|3.2.5(安卓)APP下载

Ethan · 2022年07月16日

第一个公式用0.8876

* 问题详情,请 查看题干

NO.PZ201601050100001502

问题如下:

Rosario Delgado is an investment manager in Spain. Delgado’s client, Max Rivera, seeks assistance with his well-diversified investment portfolio denominated in US dollars.

Rivera’s reporting currency is the euro, and he is concerned about his US dollar exposure. His portfolio IPS requires monthly rebalancing, at a minimum. The portfolio’s market value is USD2.5 million. Given Rivera’s risk aversion, Delgado is considering a monthly hedge using either a one-month forward contract or one-month futures contract.

Assume Rivera’s portfolio was perfectly hedged. It is now time to rebalance the portfolio and roll the currency hedge forward one month. The relevant data for rebalancing are provided in Exhibit 1.



With the US dollar currently trading at a forward premium and US interest rates lower than Spanish rates, Delgado recommends trading against the forward rate bias to earn additional return from a positive roll yield.


Calculate the net cash flow (in euros) to maintain the desired hedge. Show your calculations.

选项:

解释:

When hedging one month ago, Delgado would have sold USD2,500,000 one month forward against the euro. Now, with the US dollar-denominated portfolio increasing in value to USD2,650,000, a mismatched FX swap is needed to settle the initial expiring forward contract and establish a new hedge given the higher market value of the US dollar-denominated portfolio.

To calculate the net cash flow (in euros) to maintain the desired hedge, the following steps are necessary:

1. Buy USD2,500,000 at the spot rate. Buying US dollars against the euro means selling euros, which is the base currency in the USD/EUR spot rate. Therefore, the bid side of the market must be used to calculate the outflow in euros.

USD2,500,000 × 0.8876 = EUR2,219,000.

2. Sell USD2,650,000 at the spot rate adjusted for the one-month forward points (all-in forward rate). Selling the US dollar against the euro means buying euros, which is the base currency in the USD/EUR spot rate. Therefore, the offer side of the market must be used to calculate the inflow in euros.

All-in forward rate = 0.8875 + (20/10,000) = 0.8895.

USD2,650,000 × 0.8895 = EUR2,357,175.

3. Therefore, the net cash flow is equal to EUR2,357,175 – EUR2,219,000, which is equal to EUR138,175.

中文解析:

首先呢我们是持有美元的外币资产,本币是欧元。因此在一个月前的头寸是short forward on EUR/USD,即锁定了一个月后卖美元买欧元的价格。

1. 现在到了一个月的时候,或者严格说是马上到了一个月的时候,因为在现实中我们不能真正在合约到期的当天进行平仓的,而是要提前个一两天,但是在做题的时候我们就忽略掉这个实务的问题处理哈。

此时我们的远期合约马上到期,如果到期我们就要按照合约约定的价格卖掉金额是2.5million的美元了,此时我们平仓的话是要在现货市场上买美元,注意这里我们需要保证的是买的美元的金额是2.5million,这一点是要保证的。但是使用的汇率却不是定下来的,是随行就市的。当前的汇率是0.8876才能买到美元,那么我们就只能使用这个汇率。因此我们买2.5million的美元需要花掉的欧元2.5million*0.8876=2.219million

2. 新签订的远期合约,注意此时的合约规模是2.65million,按照0.8895的汇率,因此在合约到期的时候我们会通过卖掉2.65million的美元收到2.357175million的欧元

3. 后者是收到前者是花掉二者作差就是所求

之前提问,老师说表格中的报价是dealer的报价,咱们买美元对应的是dealer卖美元,因此应该用ask价格,是0.8876。那这个逻辑我能理解,买美元支出欧元,花的欧元就要多。但为什么跟以前记的“乘小除大”不一样呢,这里是*,却要*大。绕不明白了……

2 个答案
已采纳答案

Hertz_品职助教 · 2022年07月18日

嗨,从没放弃的小努力你好:


同学你好

如果计算结果是以美元计价的那么适合乘小除大。

比如说我们已知有多少的欧元,然后现在按照汇率后转换成多少美元了。此时适用乘小除大口诀,并且应该是得到以美元计价的结果;

但是这里,可以说是一个相反的过程,结算结果是以欧元计价的。

即咱们不是已知有多少欧元,而是想要求需要支付的欧元是多少,所以这里是不适用乘小除大口诀的。只能站在交易的角度来理解,即我们作为dealer的对手方,我们买美元,dealer卖美元,应该使用的是dealer的ask价格,就是0.8876. 

为了更好的搞清楚这个问题,我们可以这样来考虑:

假设EUR/USD:0.8875~0.8876

1.    情景1:

(1)如果是买2.5million的美元,问需要花掉多少欧元,则是2.5million乘以0.8876

(2)如果是卖2.5million的美元,问会收到多少欧元,则是2.5,million乘以0.8875

这是本题的情景不适用于乘小除大;

2.    情景2(适用乘小除大):

(1)2.5million的美元可以换成多少欧元,结果以欧元计价。那么消美元,相乘,乘以小的0.8875;

(2)如果是2.5million的欧元转成多少美元,结果以美元计价。那么消掉欧元,相除,除以大的,用0.8876。

3.    总结:

(1)  加粗部分是相同的,都是已知金额的分母币种可以换多少分子币种,因此相乘乘以小的;

(2)  倾斜加下划线的部分:二者虽然都是买美元,但是情景1是买已知金额的美元,问花了多少欧元,结果以欧元计价;而后者就是问已知金额的欧元可以买多少美元,结果以美元计价;而后者是符合乘小除大口诀的。此处分区分还是看结果是以什么币种来计价的。

----------------------------------------------
就算太阳没有迎着我们而来,我们正在朝着它而去,加油!

Hertz_品职助教 · 2022年07月18日

嗨,从没放弃的小努力你好:


同学你好

只是说乘小除大并不是适合所有的情况,就像本题,建议站在dealer的对手方的角度来理解。

----------------------------------------------
就算太阳没有迎着我们而来,我们正在朝着它而去,加油!

  • 2

    回答
  • 0

    关注
  • 476

    浏览
相关问题

NO.PZ201601050100001502 问题如下 Calculate the net cash flow (in euros) to maintain the sirehee. Show your calculations. When heingone month ago, lga woulhave solUS,500,000 one month forwaragainstthe euro.To calculatethe net cash flow (in euros) toy, the following steps are necessary:1. SellUS,500,000 the one-month forwarrate statein the forwarcontract.Selling US llars against the euro means buying euros, whiis the basecurrenin the USEUR forwarrate. Therefore, the offer si of the marketmust useto calculate the inflow in euros.All-in forwarate = 1.1714 + (10/10,000) = 1.1724US,500,000 / 1.1724= EUR2,132,378.03.2. BuyUS,500,000 the spot rate to offset the USsolin Step 1 above. Buyingthe US llagainst the euro means selling euros, whiis the base currencyin the USEUR spot rate. Therefore, the bisi of the market must usetocalculate the inflow in euros.US,500,000 / 1.1575= EUR2,159,827.21.3. Therefore,the net cash flow is equto EUR2,132,378.03 – EUR2,159,827.21, whiis equalto a net outflow of EUR27,449.18. To maintain thesirehee, lga will then enter into a new forwarcontrato sell theUS,650,000. There will no aitioncash flow toy arising from the newforwarcontract. 中文解析1.首先呢我们是持有美元的外币资产,本币是欧元。因此在一个月前的头寸是short forwaron EUR/US即锁定了一个月后卖美元买欧元的价格。因为题目中的报价是USEUR,所以我们一个月后卖美元,买欧元的forwarprice=1.1714 + (10/10,000) = 1.1724US那么2500000美元就可以换成2,500,000 / 1.1724 = EUR2,132,378.032.现在到了一个月的时候,或者严格说是马上到了一个月的时候,因为在现实中我们不能真正在合约到期的当天进行平仓的,而是要提前个一两天,但是在做题的时候我们就忽略掉这个实务的问题处理哈。此时我们的远期合约马上到期,如果到期我们就要按照合约约定的价格卖掉金额是2.5million的美元了,此时我们平仓的话是要在现货市场上买美元,注意这里我们需要保证的是买的美元的金额是2.5million,这一点是要保证的。但是使用的汇率却不是定下来的,是随行就市的。当前的汇率是1.1575才能买到美元,那么我们就只能使用这个汇率。因此我们买2.5million的美元需要花掉的欧元是US,500,000 / 1.1575 = EUR2,159,827.21。3.二者作差就是所求,也就是现金流净流出为 EUR2,132,378.03 – EUR2,159,827.21= EUR27,449.18.4.新签订的远期合约,注意此时的合约规模是2.65million,此时合约期初,不存在现金流的流动。

2024-10-10 10:24 1 · 回答

NO.PZ201601050100001502问题如下 Calculate the net cash flow (in euros) to maintain the sirehee. Show your calculations. When heing one month ago, lga woulhave solUS,500,000 one month forwaragainst the euro. Now, with the US llar-nominateportfolio increasing in value to US,650,000, a mismatcheFX swis neeto settle the initiexpiring forwarcontraanestablish a new hee given the higher market value of the US llar-nominateportfolio.To calculate the net cash flow (in euros) to maintain the sirehee, the following steps are necessary:1. Buy US,500,000 the spot rate. Buying US llars against the euro means selling euros, whiis the base currenin the USEUR spot rate. Therefore, the bisi of the market must useto calculate the outflow in euros.US,500,000 × 0.8876 = EUR2,219,000.2. Sell US,650,000 the spot rate austefor the one-month forwarpoints (all-in forwarrate). Selling the US llagainst the euro means buying euros, whiis the base currenin the USEUR spot rate. Therefore, the offer si of the market must useto calculate the inflow in euros.All-in forwarrate = 0.8875 + (20/10,000) = 0.8895.US,650,000 × 0.8895 =EUR2,357,175.3. Therefore, the net cash flow is equto EUR2,357,175 – EUR2,219,000, whiis equtoEUR138,175. 中文解析首先呢我们是持有美元的外币资产,本币是欧元。因此在一个月前的头寸是short forwaron EUR/US即锁定了一个月后卖美元买欧元的价格。1. 现在到了一个月的时候,或者严格说是马上到了一个月的时候,因为在现实中我们不能真正在合约到期的当天进行平仓的,而是要提前个一两天,但是在做题的时候我们就忽略掉这个实务的问题处理哈。此时我们的远期合约马上到期,如果到期我们就要按照合约约定的价格卖掉金额是2.5million的美元了,此时我们平仓的话是要在现货市场上买美元,注意这里我们需要保证的是买的美元的金额是2.5million,这一点是要保证的。但是使用的汇率却不是定下来的,是随行就市的。当前的汇率是0.8876才能买到美元,那么我们就只能使用这个汇率。因此我们买2.5million的美元需要花掉的欧元是2.5million*0.8876=2.219million。2. 新签订的远期合约,注意此时的合约规模是2.65million,按照0.8895的汇率,因此在合约到期的时候我们会通过卖掉2.65million的美元收到2.357175million的欧元。3. 后者是收到前者是花掉,二者作差就是所求。 请问第一步sell eur 获得us步骤中,使用了乘法,根据乘小除大的原理,答案里为什么乘了一个较大的biask sprea?

2024-06-27 14:50 2 · 回答

NO.PZ201601050100001502 问题如下 Calculate the net cash flow (in euros) to maintain the sirehee. Show your calculations. When heing one month ago, lga woulhave solUS,500,000 one month forwaragainst the euro. Now, with the US llar-nominateportfolio increasing in value to US,650,000, a mismatcheFX swis neeto settle the initiexpiring forwarcontraanestablish a new hee given the higher market value of the US llar-nominateportfolio.To calculate the net cash flow (in euros) to maintain the sirehee, the following steps are necessary:1. Buy US,500,000 the spot rate. Buying US llars against the euro means selling euros, whiis the base currenin the USEUR spot rate. Therefore, the bisi of the market must useto calculate the outflow in euros.US,500,000 × 0.8876 = EUR2,219,000.2. Sell US,650,000 the spot rate austefor the one-month forwarpoints (all-in forwarrate). Selling the US llagainst the euro means buying euros, whiis the base currenin the USEUR spot rate. Therefore, the offer si of the market must useto calculate the inflow in euros.All-in forwarrate = 0.8875 + (20/10,000) = 0.8895.US,650,000 × 0.8895 =EUR2,357,175.3. Therefore, the net cash flow is equto EUR2,357,175 – EUR2,219,000, whiis equtoEUR138,175. 中文解析首先呢我们是持有美元的外币资产,本币是欧元。因此在一个月前的头寸是short forwaron EUR/US即锁定了一个月后卖美元买欧元的价格。1. 现在到了一个月的时候,或者严格说是马上到了一个月的时候,因为在现实中我们不能真正在合约到期的当天进行平仓的,而是要提前个一两天,但是在做题的时候我们就忽略掉这个实务的问题处理哈。此时我们的远期合约马上到期,如果到期我们就要按照合约约定的价格卖掉金额是2.5million的美元了,此时我们平仓的话是要在现货市场上买美元,注意这里我们需要保证的是买的美元的金额是2.5million,这一点是要保证的。但是使用的汇率却不是定下来的,是随行就市的。当前的汇率是0.8876才能买到美元,那么我们就只能使用这个汇率。因此我们买2.5million的美元需要花掉的欧元是2.5million*0.8876=2.219million。2. 新签订的远期合约,注意此时的合约规模是2.65million,按照0.8895的汇率,因此在合约到期的时候我们会通过卖掉2.65million的美元收到2.357175million的欧元。3. 后者是收到前者是花掉,二者作差就是所求。 老师好,新版课后书的第33题给的条件已经改过了。我有个疑问EUR2,977,193是一个月卖出US得的现金流,为什么不折现后才与EUR2,816,901相减,得到net cash flow?这类题目如果用差额法,是不是先计算hee现货规模差额部分在一个月后形成的现金流,然后折现到现在这个时点?

2024-06-22 01:25 1 · 回答

NO.PZ201601050100001502 问题如下 Calculate the net cash flow (in euros) to maintain the sirehee. Show your calculations. When heing one month ago, lga woulhave solUS,500,000 one month forwaragainst the euro. Now, with the US llar-nominateportfolio increasing in value to US,650,000, a mismatcheFX swis neeto settle the initiexpiring forwarcontraanestablish a new hee given the higher market value of the US llar-nominateportfolio.To calculate the net cash flow (in euros) to maintain the sirehee, the following steps are necessary:1. Buy US,500,000 the spot rate. Buying US llars against the euro means selling euros, whiis the base currenin the USEUR spot rate. Therefore, the bisi of the market must useto calculate the outflow in euros.US,500,000 × 0.8876 = EUR2,219,000.2. Sell US,650,000 the spot rate austefor the one-month forwarpoints (all-in forwarrate). Selling the US llagainst the euro means buying euros, whiis the base currenin the USEUR spot rate. Therefore, the offer si of the market must useto calculate the inflow in euros.All-in forwarrate = 0.8875 + (20/10,000) = 0.8895.US,650,000 × 0.8895 =EUR2,357,175.3. Therefore, the net cash flow is equto EUR2,357,175 – EUR2,219,000, whiis equtoEUR138,175. 中文解析首先呢我们是持有美元的外币资产,本币是欧元。因此在一个月前的头寸是short forwaron EUR/US即锁定了一个月后卖美元买欧元的价格。1. 现在到了一个月的时候,或者严格说是马上到了一个月的时候,因为在现实中我们不能真正在合约到期的当天进行平仓的,而是要提前个一两天,但是在做题的时候我们就忽略掉这个实务的问题处理哈。此时我们的远期合约马上到期,如果到期我们就要按照合约约定的价格卖掉金额是2.5million的美元了,此时我们平仓的话是要在现货市场上买美元,注意这里我们需要保证的是买的美元的金额是2.5million,这一点是要保证的。但是使用的汇率却不是定下来的,是随行就市的。当前的汇率是0.8876才能买到美元,那么我们就只能使用这个汇率。因此我们买2.5million的美元需要花掉的欧元是2.5million*0.8876=2.219million。2. 新签订的远期合约,注意此时的合约规模是2.65million,按照0.8895的汇率,因此在合约到期的时候我们会通过卖掉2.65million的美元收到2.357175million的欧元。3. 后者是收到前者是花掉,二者作差就是所求。 这题为什么不能使用2650000-2500000=150,000US再用150,000*(0.8875+0.0020)=133425?

2024-01-26 15:13 1 · 回答

NO.PZ201601050100001502 问题如下 Calculate the net cash flow (in euros) to maintain the sirehee. Show your calculations. When heing one month ago, lga woulhave solUS,500,000 one month forwaragainst the euro. Now, with the US llar-nominateportfolio increasing in value to US,650,000, a mismatcheFX swis neeto settle the initiexpiring forwarcontraanestablish a new hee given the higher market value of the US llar-nominateportfolio.To calculate the net cash flow (in euros) to maintain the sirehee, the following steps are necessary:1. Buy US,500,000 the spot rate. Buying US llars against the euro means selling euros, whiis the base currenin the USEUR spot rate. Therefore, the bisi of the market must useto calculate the outflow in euros.US,500,000 × 0.8876 = EUR2,219,000.2. Sell US,650,000 the spot rate austefor the one-month forwarpoints (all-in forwarrate). Selling the US llagainst the euro means buying euros, whiis the base currenin the USEUR spot rate. Therefore, the offer si of the market must useto calculate the inflow in euros.All-in forwarrate = 0.8875 + (20/10,000) = 0.8895.US,650,000 × 0.8895 =EUR2,357,175.3. Therefore, the net cash flow is equto EUR2,357,175 – EUR2,219,000, whiis equtoEUR138,175. 中文解析首先呢我们是持有美元的外币资产,本币是欧元。因此在一个月前的头寸是short forwaron EUR/US即锁定了一个月后卖美元买欧元的价格。1. 现在到了一个月的时候,或者严格说是马上到了一个月的时候,因为在现实中我们不能真正在合约到期的当天进行平仓的,而是要提前个一两天,但是在做题的时候我们就忽略掉这个实务的问题处理哈。此时我们的远期合约马上到期,如果到期我们就要按照合约约定的价格卖掉金额是2.5million的美元了,此时我们平仓的话是要在现货市场上买美元,注意这里我们需要保证的是买的美元的金额是2.5million,这一点是要保证的。但是使用的汇率却不是定下来的,是随行就市的。当前的汇率是0.8876才能买到美元,那么我们就只能使用这个汇率。因此我们买2.5million的美元需要花掉的欧元是2.5million*0.8876=2.219million。2. 新签订的远期合约,注意此时的合约规模是2.65million,按照0.8895的汇率,因此在合约到期的时候我们会通过卖掉2.65million的美元收到2.357175million的欧元。3. 后者是收到前者是花掉,二者作差就是所求。 老师,这道题求net cash flow时,为什么不算上在toy时,原本forwarcontract到期时可以收到的一笔Euro 2500*(0.8913+0.0020),而是只包括为了平仓而支付的2219000欧元和未来一个月后新contract到期时收到的euro。在toy时,原先的forwarcontract不是也应该带来一笔cash inflow吗。

2024-01-15 22:11 2 · 回答